Health
Sleep apnea with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease
A new study of sleep apnea complications found a significant increase in the risk of dementia, especially in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
However, sleep apnea did not increase the risk of vascular dementia.
In the past, several pathophysiological pathways have been suggested between sleep apnea and dementia. Researchers suggested that a strong causal relationship between sleep apnea and the development of certain neuropathological entities is important in understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia.
Therefore, a research team led by Martin Guay-Gagnon, MD of the University of Montreal conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of developing dementia in sleep apnea patients.
Several phenotypes of dementia were investigated, including Lew body demendita, frontotemporal dementia, and mixed dementia.
The team used the Web of Science Core Collection database to perform a literature search that included the keywords sleep apnea, dementia, and the various forms of dementia featured in the study.
Parkinson’s dementia was considered an interesting result due to its high prevalence.
The search includes a complete peer review article from the start of the database to March 1, 2021, the need for prospective and retrospective cohort designs, interested exposures that are sleep apnea, and clinical diagnosis using ICD. It was executed by the standard. -9 or ICD-10 code.
From there, the two reviewers decided which studies were eligible to be included independently.
A total of 1191 records were screened, of which 1165 were excluded based on the summary. A total of 26 full-text articles were evaluated, 11 of which were included in the systematic review and 8 of which were included in the meta-analysis.
From these studies, a total of 1,333,424 patients from three countries were included. In particular, only two studies were prospective studies, one study was conducted entirely in a female patient cohort, and the other focused only on male veterans.
Researchers have observed that patients with sleep apnea are at increased risk of developing all types of neurocognitive impairment (HR: 1.43). [95% CI 1.26–1.62]).
Pooled data from five studies that specifically assessed the risk of Alzheimer’s disease found a significant association between Alzheimer’s disease and sleep apnea (HR: 1.28). [95% CI 1.16–1.41]).
Pooled data from two studies assessing the risk of Parkinson’s disease found that patients with sleep apnea were at a 54% increased risk and that heterogeneity was also thought to be significant. Did.
The researchers found that the data on Alzheimer’s disease and all-cause dementia were “robust,” and that the increased risk was similar in both outcomes, 34% and 28%, respectively.
However, the team said a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of sleep apnea in patients with Parkinson’s disease or Lewy body dementias found that affected individuals had significantly less sleep apnea. I did.
“These findings suggest that there may be many different pathophysiological pathways between sleep apnea and neurodegenerative disease, but a deeper understanding of these underlying pathways. Because of this, there is a great need for a more well-designed prospective cohort study using biomarkers, “the team writes.
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