Health
For mRNA, the Covid vaccine is just the beginning
As Hatchet says, one of the strengths of mRNA is its “amazing agility.” Its only raw material is the four amino acid bases that form the “letter” of the RNA sequence, so it can be designed and manufactured very quickly. “Biological production was very difficult and capricious and difficult to implement in many environments. It took decades to build India’s vaccine-producing capacity,” says Hatchet. “It may be easier for a country to develop mRNA production capacity than traditional biological production capacity.”
Hatchet suggests that developing countries may jump over traditional vaccine manufacturing processes and go straight to mRNA. mRNA plants are already planned in countries around the world. Africa When Asia.. After Covid, they can be quickly reused to create vaccines for other illnesses. All you need to do is change the order of the bases in the mRNA to give the body a new set of instructions. Also, there are far less concerns about purity and contamination than traditional vaccines, and the body quickly converts, expresses, and degrades mRNA chains.
“MRNAs are fully compatible,” said Jackie Miller, Senior Vice President of Infectious Diseases, Moderna. “The difference between different vaccines is the DNA template used to synthesize messenger RNA, but all vaccine portfolios use the same lipid nanoparticles.”
CEPI wants to take advantage of its flexibility to create a library of mRNA vaccines for each viral family known to cause human disease. Hatchet estimates that this will cost between $ 20 and $ 30 billion, but it will allow for rapid response to new outbreaks. “The lesson from 2020 is 326 days. [the time from sequencing the genome of SARS-CoV-2 to administering the first doses of a Covid vaccine outside of trials] It’s great, amazing, and not fast enough, “he says. CEPI wants to be in a position to produce vaccines against new threats within 100 days. “MRNA is an essential and important element that enables us to achieve that mission,” says Hatchet.
Another goal of CEPI is to improve access to mRNA vaccines. This vaccine needs to be stored and transported at very low temperatures (–80 ° C for Pfizer / BioNtech, –20 ° C for Moderna), making it difficult to reach remote areas. Cold chain requirements and costs are two reasons why the majority of mRNA vaccines are purchased and administered by high-income countries. In India, 88% received the AstraZeneca covid vaccine. It’s based on a different technology, doesn’t have to stay that cold, and is much cheaper to get. In the United States, the overwhelming majority have been vaccinated with mRNA.
The problem will never go away altogether. mRNA is inherently unstable and vaccine shipments can be ruined on bumpy roads, but there is a trade-off between temperature and shelf life. Vaccines cannot be stored at such extreme temperatures, but they decompose faster. “In some parts of the world, this isn’t the most convenient presentation,” says Miller. mRNA may eventually be cheaper than traditional vaccine production, but this is not the case today. Technological advances may be required to ensure fair access. Dieffenbach proposes lyophilized vaccine particles as one potential solution for ease of transport and storage. Ultimately, the mRNA can be sprayed onto the nose, inhaled as a powder, or applied using a patch. Self-amplified RNABecause it replicates in the body, it allows for lower doses and reduces the risk of side effects.
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