Health
Lung Development May Explain Who Is at Higher Risk for COPD
Up to 30% of cases of dysanapsis, having a small airway-to-lung ratio, occur in people who have never smoked, while not having the condition could explain why some heavy smokers never develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
There is much that is unexplained about who and who does not develop COPD, the authors noted. Some hints have come from previous research, which has indicated that about 50% of older adults with COPD appeared to have low lung function early in life.
Although smoking, air pollution, or comorbid asthma are risk factors for COPD, up to 30% of cases occur in those who never smoked. In addition, only a minority of heavy smokers develop the disease, and while rates of smoking are declining, COPD remains a highly prevalent chronic disease.
This retrospective observational study involved 6529 older adults in 2 community-based samples. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Lung Study consisted of 2531 US participants across 6 sites. Participants included white, African American, Hispanic, and Chinese American people with a mean age of 69. The Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) consisted of 1272 participants with a mean age of 67 across 9 Canadian sites.
In addition, a case-control study of COPD: the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) involved 2726 participants across 12 US sites. This study included people who reported 20 or more pack-years of smoking and had a mean age of 63.
The airway-to-lung ratio was measured on CT as the geometric mean of airway lumen diameters measured at 19 standard anatomic locations divided by the cube root of lung volume. COPD was defined by postbronchodilator ratio of forced expired volume in the first second to vital capacity (FEV1:FVC) less than 0.70 with respiratory symptoms.
Longitudinal lung function was the secondary outcome. The researchers adjusted results for demographics and standard COPD risk factors.
Even after including those risk factors, participants with smaller airways relative to lung size were much more likely to develop COPD compared with those with the larger airways relative to lung size in the MESA Lung and CanCOLD studies.
Looking at the participants from the CanCOLD study who never smoked and heavy smokers from the SPIROMICS study, the researchers found that never-smokers with COPD had much smaller airways relative to lung size.
Heavy smokers who did not have COPD had larger than normal airways, which leads researchers to think that they have more capacity to withstand the damage that smoking creates, they said. Among older adults, dysanapsis was significantly associated with COPD, with lower airway-to-lung ratio associated with greater COPD risk.
Individuals “with smaller than predicted airway tree size who never smoked may require no additional risk factor to meet the spirometric criteria for COPD,” the authors wrote.
The study was funded in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), part of the National Institutes of Health.
“This work, stemming from the careful analysis of lung images of COPD patients, shows that an abnormal lung development may account for a large proportion of COPD risk among older adults,” said James Kiley, PhD, director of NHLBI’s Division of Lung Diseases, in a statement. “More research is needed to understand what drives this occurrence and to devise possible interventions.”
Reference
Smith BM, Kirby M, Hoffman EA, et al. Association of dysanapsis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among older adults. JAMA. JAMA. 2020;323(22):2268-2280. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6918
Related Articles
.
What Are The Main Benefits Of Comparing Car Insurance Quotes Online
LOS ANGELES, CA / ACCESSWIRE / June 24, 2020, / Compare-autoinsurance.Org has launched a new blog post that presents the main benefits of comparing multiple car insurance quotes. For more info and free online quotes, please visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/the-advantages-of-comparing-prices-with-car-insurance-quotes-online/ The modern society has numerous technological advantages. One important advantage is the speed at which information is sent and received. With the help of the internet, the shopping habits of many persons have drastically changed. The car insurance industry hasn't remained untouched by these changes. On the internet, drivers can compare insurance prices and find out which sellers have the best offers. View photos The advantages of comparing online car insurance quotes are the following: Online quotes can be obtained from anywhere and at any time. Unlike physical insurance agencies, websites don't have a specific schedule and they are available at any time. Drivers that have busy working schedules, can compare quotes from anywhere and at any time, even at midnight. Multiple choices. Almost all insurance providers, no matter if they are well-known brands or just local insurers, have an online presence. Online quotes will allow policyholders the chance to discover multiple insurance companies and check their prices. Drivers are no longer required to get quotes from just a few known insurance companies. Also, local and regional insurers can provide lower insurance rates for the same services. Accurate insurance estimates. Online quotes can only be accurate if the customers provide accurate and real info about their car models and driving history. Lying about past driving incidents can make the price estimates to be lower, but when dealing with an insurance company lying to them is useless. Usually, insurance companies will do research about a potential customer before granting him coverage. Online quotes can be sorted easily. Although drivers are recommended to not choose a policy just based on its price, drivers can easily sort quotes by insurance price. Using brokerage websites will allow drivers to get quotes from multiple insurers, thus making the comparison faster and easier. For additional info, money-saving tips, and free car insurance quotes, visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ Compare-autoinsurance.Org is an online provider of life, home, health, and auto insurance quotes. This website is unique because it does not simply stick to one kind of insurance provider, but brings the clients the best deals from many different online insurance carriers. In this way, clients have access to offers from multiple carriers all in one place: this website. On this site, customers have access to quotes for insurance plans from various agencies, such as local or nationwide agencies, brand names insurance companies, etc. "Online quotes can easily help drivers obtain better car insurance deals. All they have to do is to complete an online form with accurate and real info, then compare prices", said Russell Rabichev, Marketing Director of Internet Marketing Company. CONTACT: Company Name: Internet Marketing CompanyPerson for contact Name: Gurgu CPhone Number: (818) 359-3898Email: [email protected]: https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ SOURCE: Compare-autoinsurance.Org View source version on accesswire.Com:https://www.Accesswire.Com/595055/What-Are-The-Main-Benefits-Of-Comparing-Car-Insurance-Quotes-Online View photos
Pictures Credit
to request, modification Contact us at Here or [email protected]
 |
 |
 |
