Researchers develop method to estimate ancient earthquake temperatures

“If you take the Magna earthquake even down near Salt Lake. We all know the Wasatch Fault is there, but it took geophysicists a while to figure out exactly what kind of structure the earthquake occurred in. My point is that fault zones are complex on all levels. And there are a lot of them. .”

This is Assistant Professor Alexis Ault of the Department of Earth Sciences at Utah State University. Along with doctoral student Emma Armstrong, Olt and colleagues published a paper last month using a technique that allows Earth scientists to measure fault slip temperatures during ancient earthquakes. When an earthquake occurs, Armstrong said, heat is produced.

“So, when an earthquake occurs, friction produces heat. And so, if you can detect evidence that friction generated heat, you can detect the earthquake in the past and get an understanding of the intensity of that earthquake. And so, in this case, the past is key to the present,” Armstrong said.

Olt and Armstrong used a technique called low thermochronology to measure the content of uranium, thorium and helium in tiny zircon grains, barely visible with the naked eye, along the Punchbowl Fault in Southern California. Punchbowl is part of the San Andreas fault system and is inactive today, but previous research has shown that it has had previous earthquakes along its length. In these Punchbowl samples, a lower percentage of helium in the grain indicates a past warming.

Ault and Armstrong compared their zircon analyzes with previous estimates of earthquake temperatures from another method to more accurately estimate the earthquake’s temperature.

Olt emphasized that slip rate, fault material properties, and fault displacement are all important factors in determining earthquake temperatures and eventual intensity. Being able to accurately measure the temperature of past earthquakes will give us a clearer understanding of how today’s earthquakes spread underground.

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