NASA satellite map of earthquake damage in Turkey

Map drawn from data collected by PALSAR-2 on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-2 on February 8, 2023. (Click image for high-resolution view.)

This image shows a detailed view of the areas shown in the map above: the cities of Nordağı, Kahramanmaraş, and Türkoğlu.

Scientists from NASA and other agencies are using satellites to map damage from the devastating earthquake in the Republic of Turkey.

On February 6, 2023, two earthquakes measuring 7.8 and 7.5 struck southern Turkey and western Syria, causing widespread destruction in both countries.

The initial earthquake originated from a fault line 18 kilometers (11 miles) below the surface, producing violent shaking that affected a wide radius from the epicenter. The first quake was followed by another 7.5-magnitude quake nine hours later, as well as hundreds of smaller aftershocks.

In response to news of the disaster, scientists at space agencies around the world, including NASA, got to work, analyzing satellite data to better understand the event.

“These were very large, powerful earthquakes that ripped right up to the surface over a long series of faults,” said Eric Fielding, a geophysicist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). This led to very strong tremors over a very large area that affected many populated cities and towns. The length of the fault and the magnitude of the 7.8-magnitude earthquake were comparable to the 1906 earthquake that devastated San Francisco.”

The initial proxy map of the damage above shows parts of the cities of Türkoğlu, Kahramanmaraş, and Nurdaği. The dark red pixels represent areas that are likely to suffer severe damage to buildings, homes, infrastructure, or changes to the landscape, while the orange and yellow areas deal moderate or partial damage. Each pixel is about 30m wide (about the size of a baseball field).

The map is from data collected by PALSAR-2 on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) on February 8, 2023. The satellite carries synthetic aperture radar, a sensor that sends pulses of microwaves toward the Earth’s surface and listens for reflections Those waves to map the landscape, including the buildings. By comparing the February 8 data with observations made by the same satellite before the quake (on April 7, 2021 and April 6, 2022), scientists have tracked the changes and begun to pinpoint the affected areas. ALOS-2 data was provided by Sentinel Asia and analyzed by the Singapore Earth Observatory – Remote Sensing Laboratory in collaboration with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech.

“The map covers only the central part of the affected area due to the narrow 70-kilometer swath of ALOS-2 microbeam data used, but includes foci of the main magnitude 7.8 earthquake and aftershocks of magnitude 7.5,” Fielding said. “Note that the time intervals between acquisitions of ALOS-2 are up to one year, so the accuracy of the surrogate damage map may be lower in vegetation areas, such as mountains, due to seasonal changes.” Some areas marked as damaged in transplanted areas may not be damaged, and some areas that show no damage may be damaged in transplanted areas.

Members of the Disaster Program area of ​​NASA Applied Earth Sciences, as well as national and international collaborators, are in the process of sharing the damage proxy map and the data used to create it with organizations such as the US State Department, California Seismic Safety Commission, Miyamoto International Disaster Relief, and the World Bank. The team also participates in ongoing coordination calls hosted by USAID to assess the needs of stakeholders in the region and provide scientific expertise to support risk assessment and recovery efforts.

“We’re watching this event very closely,” said Shanna McClain, program director. “In addition to mapping damage as far as possible from satellites, we are using satellites to track increased risks of landslides, power outages, and weather that could present challenges to response efforts.” As new data becomes available, the team is publishing near-real-time imagery and data products related to the earthquake on its mapping portal.

NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stephens, using Landsat data from the USGS and ALOS-2 data from JAXA/JAXA and the Singapore Remote Sensing Laboratory’s Earth Observatory.

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