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Viruses May Have Unexpected Consequences in Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change – ScienceDaily
Microorganisms play important roles in ecosystems, but these roles are changing due to global warming. Scientists also know that most types of microbes are infected with viruses, but they know very little about how these viral infections alter their response to warming. In this study, scientists describe the different ways that elevated temperatures can affect viruses and their microbial hosts. These changes may ultimately affect the response of entire ecosystems to warming. This study reveals several important gaps in researchers’ current knowledge of the relationship between viruses, warming, and ecosystem functioning. Bridging these gaps is critical to understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on ecosystems.
This study creates a roadmap for understanding the different ways viruses alter the effects of warming on microbial communities. Viruses can have a strong impact on microbial processes and ecosystem functioning. By incorporating these previously ignored impacts into ecosystem models, scientists can improve their predictions of how ecosystems can respond to climate change.
Microorganisms play an essential role in ecosystems by controlling the flow of energy and materials through processes such as photosynthesis (carbon uptake), respiration (carbon release), and decomposition (carbon recycling). Climate change is currently altering the functioning of ecosystems by altering how organisms function within microbial food webs. Scientists know that viruses can have strong effects on microbial processes, but they know less about how these effects will change with future warming.
In this study, scientists from Duke University, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, the Dutch Ecological Institute, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory explore the potential effects of warming on viruses and how these affect ecosystems to climate change. We considered how to change the scientific understanding of reactions. Warming can affect several different stages of the viral infection cycle and virus–host dynamics. However, there are still many gaps in our understanding of these effects. Since viruses are ubiquitous in all habitats and have a strong impact on microbial function, closing these gaps will help us understand how warming affects the flow of energy and materials within ecosystems. Preliminary models by researchers indicate that viruses can upend the scale of the natural carbon balance, and some ecosystems are net carbon sources (more than they store). of carbon) to a net carbon sink (absorbing carbon). This study shows that incorporating viruses into predictive models can have unexpected new impacts on ecosystems in response to climate change.
This work was supported by the Office of Energy, Scientific, Biological and Environmental Research Programs.
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