Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: 21 ways to reduce risk

The most preventive measures are mentally stimulating activities such as reading and chess. Avoid stress, depression, and head trauma; a meta-analysis published Monday avoids diabetes, hypertension, and weight gain after middle age.

Regular exercise, quality sleep, smoking cessation, late-life heart health, and vitamin C in your diet are among the nine slightly weak but nevertheless supporting evidence.

“If risk factors can be modified, evidence suggests that in every three cases of Alzheimer’s disease, at least one may be preventable.”

“People can take Alzheimer’s disease another path,” said Isaacson, who was not involved in the study. “This paper helps to provide an evidence-based framework for physicians and patients to consider in managing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.”

Research published in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

First-rate prevention

Two-thirds of the most promising interventions focused on healthy lifestyle changes and on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

This study analyzed 395 observational prospective studies and randomized controlled trials. These efforts were “the most comprehensive and extensive systematic review and meta-analysis of Alzheimer’s disease to date,” the researchers said.

The top 10 science-backed precautions discovered in the study include:

• Control blood sugar and weight to avoid diabetes
• Maintain weight at a healthy level, usually with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25
• Get as much education as possible in childhood
• Avoid head injuries (concussion, etc.)
• Continue cognitive activities by reading and learning new things
• Avoiding or managing depression
• Managing bad stress that raises cortisol levels
• Treat “orthostatic hypotension” when you feel light head and dizziness regularly when standing up from a sitting position
• Manage blood pressure in middle age
• Avoids high levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that can contribute to blood vessel thrombosis and artery damage.

“One of the most important and commonly overlooked variable factors is the high levels of homocysteine ​​in the blood,” Isaacson said. He said in a New York-based preventative clinic that he often recommends B-complex vitamins to counter elevated homocysteine ​​levels.

“But previous studies have shown that B vitamin supplementation works better when these people have sufficient levels of omega-3, a healthy brain fat found in fatty fish, for example. I showed it,” explained Isaacson.

“Thus, this is just one of many examples of a complex web of decision-making that goes into clinical care for people at risk of disease.”

Other positive measures

The nine actions that have had a weak but positive effect on reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease are:

• Regular exercise
• Elimination of middle-aged obesity
• Avoid weight loss in later years
• Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
• Get enough quality sleep
• Avoidance of cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke and diseases that affect cerebral blood flow
• Avoid the weaknesses of posterity
• Management of irregular and rapid heart rate atrial fibrillation by chaotic electrical signals in the heart
• Ingestion of foods or supplements containing vitamin C

Of the 21 research recommendations, the last two were actions physicians should avoid when treating patients at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Strong evidence was found for postmenopausal women given estrogen replacement therapy to improve cognition.

“I fully agree with this statement, but for perimenopausal and early menopausal women, hormone replacement therapy may be considered based on a variety of other factors,” Isaxson said.

Finally, weaker evidence is that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors-drugs such as donepezil and galantamine, which are often prescribed to treat amnesia in people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease-should not be used as a preventive tactic. Was shown.

“These are medicines for people with symptomatic mild or worse dementia,” said Isaacson. “These drugs work on symptoms, but they don’t slow the progression of the disease.”

Those concerned about the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease should work with physicians trained in the field to develop personalized plans to mitigate the risk, Isaacson said.

“It’s also important to note that there is no single “magic drug” or action that can prevent Alzheimer’s disease,” he said.

“Risk mitigation care is not “one size fits all”. Ideally, it should be comprehensive and individually adjusted under the supervision of a physician. “

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