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In memory of Tom Hanks (1944 – 2024)

In memory of Tom Hanks (1944 – 2024)


Tribute to Thomas C. Hanks, a USGS geophysicist who demonstrated himself as a generous educator and pioneering scientist.

By Wayne Thatcher, USGS

Latest photo of Tom Hanks. Credit: Molly Hanks, Tom's daughter

Tom was one of a kind, and one of my oldest friends. We met as graduate students at Caltech in the late 1960s. He stood out from the start: very confident, had the air of a Princeton boy, and blew smoke rings with his lucky strikes. like this. His high intelligence was evident, and his intellectual curiosity was insatiable. He needed to know how the Earth worked; He was going to find out and he was going to make his mark.

He and I bonded on a trip to England in 1968, where we attended an international scientific meeting (which wasn't very good), and then briefly visited Ireland and Wales. Tom has never traveled outside the country, while I spent a gap year in Europe. I never cared much for beer, but Tom was a gifted beer drinker. Maybe I taught him a little about international travel. He definitely taught me how to drink beer. And so we became lifelong friends.

As a graduate student, Tom had highly innovative ideas and wide-ranging and eclectic interests. These topics included the thermal history of the Earth, flexure of the oceanic lithosphere in island arcs, and the thermomechanics of mid-ocean ridges, in addition to his main thesis on the mechanics of seismic sources. It all led to well-received publications by the time Tom earned his Ph.D. In 1972.

Collaborating with Tom as students, and later as professionals at the USGS, was an amazing journey. We were ambitious, competitive and hardworking – striving to succeed. And if I may say so now, we were probably a little too full of ourselves.

Jim Brun, our thesis advisor, has written a fascinating theoretical paper on earthquake source characteristics with clear and immediate application to the analysis of Caltech's local seismogram collection. As a result, Tom and I worked hard over several years to publish several influential and well-cited papers while still graduate students. We've certainly launched well, and are certainly pleased with ourselves.

By the mid-1970s, Tom and my scientific interests followed separate paths. Tom and his wife Paige started a family before my wife and I, so our paths inevitably diverged. However, we followed each other's research, exchanged ideas, and generally encouraged and supported each other. Tom has continued to make important contributions to seismic source studies with particular application to the estimation of strong earthquake ground motion and its relevance to earthquake engineering and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA).

At the same time, Tom, through his personal and professional friendship with USGS seismic geologist Bob Wallace, became interested in creating, maintaining and eroding surface fault scarps produced by earthquake faulting. This interest culminated in Tom's intuitively attractive and mathematically straightforward model of the diffusive erosion of fault slopes and related landforms, such as coastal marine terraces and those created by fluvial erosion. It was an elegant and beautiful piece of science. Oh, how I wished I could think of it myself!

Tom's subsequent career included not only his continuing research interests, but also his service to the USGS and the seismic science community. He served for a time as head of the Ground Motion and Error Survey Section. He led a five-year project to estimate the upper limit on the extreme ground motions that could be expected at Nevada's Yucca Mountain, then the proposed repository for long-term nuclear waste storage for the United States. He also worked long to compose an accessible primer in English on PSHA principles and practices, which, although never formally published, was highly respected, widely read and highly influential.

Tom was a generous and selfless mentor to fellow youth and non-youth alike. He had a gift for engaging graciously in ongoing scientific conversations that generated ideas for fruitful new research. After helping to plant the seed, Tom would gracefully step back, allowing his colleague to see the project through to completion and shine in its own right.

I can speak about this approach from my own experience. By analyzing repeated GPS observations from the Tibetan Plateau, I was able to make space-based geodetic estimates of current slip rates on the largest active faults in the region. Previous work, as well as mine, has revealed significant discrepancies between these rates and independently obtained geological estimates. While discussing these controversies with Tom, he quickly identified previously unappreciated problems with geologic rates, and told me that he would write me a “paper” on the subject. Several weeks later, my own copy arrived, an original, carefully researched critique describing the serious shortcomings of the published geological interpretations. As Tom pointed out, the methodology actually provided upper and lower bound slip rates, with the lower bound being reasonably consistent with the geodesic rates. Tom's “term paper” was then circulated around a small specialist community and was soon informally accepted as a potential solution to the slippage rate paradox. Other geologists independently reached similar conclusions that later appeared in several published papers. Their geological interpretations, as well as Tom's, are now generally accepted as definitive and the rate discrepancy has been resolved. When I gratefully thanked Tom for correcting me and offered to co-author my study, he flatly declined, saying simply that he did it “for the sake of friendship.”

In the last 15 years or so of his life, I saw another, more generous side of Tom. During that time, he increasingly cared for his wife of more than 40 years, Paige, as she developed Parkinson's disease. Determined to remain at home, he took on the primary role in her care until her death in 2020. As his health subsequently declined, he nonetheless remained Tom, actively interacting with his colleagues, enjoying the families of his two daughters – especially his two granddaughters – and closely following the fate of the San Giants. Francisco. I had the good fortune to interact with him during his senior year, as I went with him to the USGS offices periodically to attend meetings and seminars. Our conversations focused mostly on current affairs, but we also shared stories about our good old days – some of which may have been true.

Tom was one of a kind, and one of my oldest friends. I, like many others, will certainly miss him.

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