How do I enable Google Authenticator (TOTP) using an SSH key with a passphrase in Debian 12?

I've installed Debian 12 on a spare Apple Mac Mini and would like to control it over SSH from my iMac. I would like to use an SSH key with a passphrase and also use Google Authenticator for multi-factor authentication.

On the iMac, I created an ssh key with ssh-keygen -t rsa and specified a passphrase, then used ssh-copy-id. [email protected] Copy the public key to the remote Debian server.

Next, I wanted to disable password-only login, so I added the following two lines to the end of /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

Matching user david No password authentication

I then ran systemctl restart sshd and logged out of the remote machine, then tried to log back in and it asked for the passphrase but not the password. So far so good.

Then I followed these two guides to set up Google Authenticator: Guide 1 Guide 2

(I was logged in as the root user so I didn't need to add sudo at the start of everything…)

in particular:

apt install -y libpam-google-authenticator google-authenticator (I answered yes to all 4 questions asked in the Google Authenticator setup) nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config ->Set UsePAM yes ->Added the line “ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes” to the end of the file ->Added the line “AuthenticationMethods publickey,keyboard-interactive” to the end of the file ->Saved and closed /etc/ssh/sshd_config nano /etc/pam.d/sshd ->Commented out the line “@include common-auth” ->Added the line “auth required pam_google_authenticator.so” to the end of the file ->Saved and closed /etc/pam.d/sshd systemctl restart ssh

I then tried to log in in another terminal window on my iMac, but I get the following error:

Received disconnect from 192.168.4.7 port 22:2: No authentication methods enabled

Disconnected from 192.168.4.7 port 22

I was able to revert the changes to the two files and reconnect using only the passphrase, but it doesn't prompt me for the passphrase and Google Authenticator code.

What could be wrong?

I found a similar problem, but the only answer to it doesn't provide enough details.

Next, ensure that your configuration requires PAM authentication (if the public key authentication method is successful, the PAM password authentication part will be skipped). This can be done by setting the appropriate AuthenticationMethods in sshd_config:

Unfortunately it doesn't explain how to “set appropriate AuthenticationMethods in sshd_config”, so that's not very helpful…

thank you.

Complete contents of /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf KbdInteractiveAuthentication No UsePAM Yes X11Forwarding Yes PrintMotd No AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server ChallengeResponseAuthentication Yes Match User david PasswordAuthentication No AuthenticationMethods publickey,keyboard-interactive

(There are many other lines that I have omitted because they are commented out).

Complete contents of /etc/pam.d/sshd:

Account required pam_nologin.so @include common-account session [success=ok ignore=ignore module_unknown=ignore default=bad] pam_selinux.so Close session required pam_loginuid.so Session options pam_keyinit.so Force cancel @include common-session Session options pam_motd.so motd=/run/motd.dynamic Session options pam_motd.so noupdate Session options pam_mail.so Standard noenv # [1]
Session requires pam_limits.so Session requires pam_env.so # [1]
Session required pam_env.so user_readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale session [success=ok ignore=ignore module_unknown=ignore default=bad] Open pam_selinux.so and @include common-password authentication is required pam_google_authenticator.so

(There are a few other lines I've omitted because they are commented out)

Sources 1/ https://Google.com/ 2/ https://serverfault.com/questions/1162163/how-do-i-enable-google-authenticator-totp-with-ssh-keys-with-a-passphrase-on-d The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article

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