Breast Cancer Risk Factors: What are the biggest risk factors for breast cancer that you should know about? |

breast cancer This is a serious health problem for women, and understanding the risk factors can help with early detection and prevention. In a study conducted in 2023, of 12,808 patients with malignant breast cancer, 17.09% of patients were under 40 years old, with the youngest patient being 21 years old. Furthermore, in this young age group, 30% of tumors were triple-negative tumors. Triple-negative tumors are known to be the most aggressive tumors because they grow quickly and spread easily. -Negative breast tumors are common in patients with genetic mutations in the BRCA1 gene, as well as among certain ethnicities. Therefore, as the age of onset in Indians is gradually decreasing, it is important to be aware of predisposing risk factors that may contribute to breast cancer.
Some of the important risk factors that every woman should know are:
1. sex: Women have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than men.
2. year: Risk increases with age, especially over 50. However, the age of onset may be younger, especially in patients with a family history of ovarian and breast cancer.
3. Family history: A family history of breast cancer, especially in a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter), may increase your risk.
4. Gene mutation: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.
5. Personal background: Having a personal history of breast cancer or certain non-cancerous breast diseases may increase your risk.
6. Hormonal factors: Early menstruation (before age 12), late menopause (after age 55), and long-term exposure to estrogen (such as hormone replacement therapy) may increase risk.
7. Reproductive history: Women who have never had children or who have their first child after age 30 may be at higher risk.
8. radiation exposure: You may be at increased risk if you have had radiation therapy to your chest, especially during adolescence.
9. Lifestyle factors
Alcohol intake: The risk increases as alcohol intake increases.
Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase your risk, especially after menopause.
Physical inactivity: Lack of regular physical activity increases the risk of breast cancer.
Diet: A diet high in saturated fat and low in fruits and vegetables may contribute to your risk.
10. ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups may have different levels of risk. For example, African American women are more likely to die from the disease, although white women have a higher incidence than African American women.
11. Menstrual cycle factors: Women who experience irregular menstrual cycles or have conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at increased risk.
12. smoking: There is evidence to suggest that smoking may increase the risk of breast cancer, especially in premenopausal women.
Prevention and early detection

• Regular screening: Mammography and clinical breast exams can help detect breast cancer early.
• Healthy lifestyle choices: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol intake, and eating a balanced diet can help reduce your risk.
• Genetic testing: Women with a family history of breast cancer may consider genetic testing to assess their risk for inherited mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. This information can guide decisions regarding preventive measures such as increased surveillance or prophylactic surgery.
• Hormone treatment: Women who take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for a long time may have an increased risk of breast cancer. It is essential to discuss the risks and benefits of HRT with your health care provider.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental pollutants and chemicals may also play a role in breast cancer risk. Being aware of these factors can help you make informed lifestyle choices.

Breast cancer: early signs of the disease that should never be ignored

Understanding these risk factors is important for all women. While some factors, such as age and genetics, cannot be changed, many lifestyle choices can be changed to reduce overall risk. Regular health exams and an open discussion with your health care provider about your personal risk factors and screening options are essential for early detection and prevention.
(Author: Dr. Vani Ravikumar, Senior Consultant and Head of Histopathology, Metropolis Healthcare)

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