US Election 2024: Everything you need to know about maps and charts | US Election News 2024

Nearly 186.5 million Americans are eligible to vote in the November 5 election that will determine the 47th president of the United States.

The presidential race is not the only one in the running. Americans will also elect people to fill various federal, state, and local offices.

In federal elections, voters will choose the president and members of the two chambers that make up the U.S. Congress: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

(Al Jazeera) The United States House of Representatives

Voters in 50 states will elect members of the House of Representatives. There are 435 seats in total and each seat is elected every two years.

The number of House members allocated to each state is determined by its population, so if a state loses or gains residents in a census, it risks losing or gaining seats in the House.

The House of Representatives has six non-voting members (called either delegates or resident commissioners, in the case of Puerto Rico) who represent U.S. territories. They do not have the right to vote on legislation, but have speaking privileges and can participate in certain other functions of the House.

The six territories are:

District of Columbia Puerto Rico American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands US Virgin Islands.

Delegates are elected every two years, as with the rest of the House, except for Puerto Rico, whose representatives are chosen every four years.

(Al Jazeera) The US Senate

There are also 33 Senate seats up for grabs this year, about a third of the Senate's 100 seats, and one seat will be decided in a special election.

In the Senate, each state benefits from equal representation by having two seats each. It does not depend on the size of its population, as is the case for the House of Representatives.

In the current Senate, there are 49 Republicans, 47 Democrats and four independents, who team up with the Democrats:

Bernie Sanders of Vermont Angus King of Maine Joe Manchin of West Virginia Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona

The vice president is the president of the United States Senate. The role includes presiding over Senate sessions and casting the deciding vote. In addition to voting on legislation, the upper house must confirm presidential nominations of cabinet members, Supreme Court justices, other federal judges and ambassadors.

(Al Jazeera)

Eight of the Senate elections are considered close races.

Montana Wisconsin Ohio Nevada Pennsylvania Michigan Arizona Texas

Seven of those eight seats are currently held by Democrats. A single race for a Republican seat is considered a toss-up.

Ultimately, whichever party controls Congress controls the ability to pass laws. And that could support or doom any new president's agenda.

Governor races

Voters in 11 states and two territories, Puerto Rico and American Samoa, will also elect governors:

American Samoa Delaware Indiana Missouri Montana New Hampshire North Carolina North Dakota Puerto Rico Utah Vermont Washington West Virginia (Al Jazeera) What is the Electoral College?

In the United States, the president and vice president are not directly elected by voters.

When voters choose these positions on their ballot, they are actually voting for a slate of electors who will represent their state. Once the votes are counted and certified, these voters commit to voting for a presidential and vice-presidential candidate.

These electors cast decisive votes for president and vice president at an Electoral College meeting in December. This year, the vote will take place on December 17.

(Al Jazeera)

In 48 states, the presidential candidate who receives the most votes wins all electors in that state, but in Maine and Nebraska, the winner-takes-all method does not apply.

These two states allocate their electors based on a more complex system that reflects the popular vote at the state level and congressional districts. Therefore, their votes in the Electoral College may be split.

The number of electors in each state is equal to the number of members of its House plus two, the number of U.S. senators from each state.

For example, California gets 54 electoral college votes. This corresponds to its two senators and 52 House members.

There are a total of 538 electors: 535 from the 50 states and three from the District of Columbia, which is the federal capital and not a state.

Before elections, political parties in each state choose their slate of electors. Voters are almost always party officials or supporters.

Under this system, a candidate who wins the popular vote cannot win the White House.

A recent example was in 2016, when Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton won the popular vote but lost the Electoral College vote to Republican Donald Trump. His victory was bolstered by victories in key states that polls suggested would favor Clinton: Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin.

There can also be faithless electors, such as in 2016, when seven electors voted for the other candidate rather than the one who won the state's vote.

Five of the electors were unfaithful to Clinton and two to Trump. One of the Democratic voters voted for Senator Bernie Sanders instead of Clinton.

A 2020 Supreme Court ruling rejected the idea that voters can exercise discretion over which candidate they support. The court sided with courts in Washington and Colorado that imposed sanctions on faithless electors.

What are Battleground States?

Most states lean very clearly either Democratic or Republican, making their election results almost a given.

But every four years, several states feature close races between the two leading presidential candidates. These are known as battlefield states, swing states, or thrown states. Candidates are disproportionately focusing their campaigns on these states.

Election analysts consider states battlegrounds when opinion polls show the margin of victory in those states is less than 5 percentage points.

The seven battleground states expected to determine the outcome of the 2024 elections are:

Arizona 11 electoral votes Georgia 16 electoral votes Michigan 15 electoral votes Nevada six electoral votes North Carolina 16 electoral votes Pennsylvania 19 electoral votes Wisconsin 10 electoral votes (Al Jazeera)

Early voting has started in 25 states. Of these, Utah, Vermont and Washington only offer early voting by mail.

As of Monday, more than 42.9 million Americans had already voted, either through in-person early voting or by mail.

According to an average of national polls compiled by the website FiveThirtyEight, Harris is ahead by 1.4 percentage points as of Sunday.

In conflict states, the presidential race is even closer according to polls. Trump and Harris are mainly present in Wisconsin, Nevada, Pennsylvania and Michigan. North Carolina has Trump ahead by one point. The former president also leads in Georgia and Arizona, but the gap between Trump and Harris is within the margin of error in the polls.

Here's what the electoral map looks like according to FiveThirtyEight as of Sunday:

(Al Jazeera) What is the voter turnout?

Turnout in U.S. presidential elections has hovered around 60 percent in recent elections. In 2016, 60.1 percent of eligible voters turned out to vote, up from 58.6 percent in 2012 but down from 61.6 percent in 2008.

The 2020 presidential election saw the highest turnout in over a century, at 66.6 percent. In a hotly contested election, Joe Biden won the election with the most votes for a presidential candidate in United States history, with 81,283,501 votes, and Trump received 74,223,975 votes, the highest among all Republican candidates. In the race held during the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 100 million people, or two-thirds of the total voters, cast early ballots.

(Al Jazeera)

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