Health
Researchers reveal the cellular basis of human functional brain networks
Rutgers researchers at the Brain Health Institute (BHI) and the Advanced Human Brain Imaging Research Center (CAHBIR) have discovered how different types of brain cells work together to create a large-scale functional network in the human brain, from the senses to the brain. It revealed how they form an interconnected system that supports everything. Processing complex decisions – paving the way to new insights into brain health and disease.
By pinpointing these cellular bases, this study natural neuroscienceproviding a deeper understanding of the cellular basis of cognition and mental health.
The brain's functional properties arise from different types of cells within the cortex, the outermost layer responsible for many complex mental tasks. A major goal of neuroscience research is understanding how our genetic, molecular, and cellular processes support the tissue properties of the brain, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. That's it.
Historically, scientists have studied tissue structure (histology), traced nerve pathways, measured electrical activity (electrophysiology), or by examining postmortem tissue samples or after a specific area has been injured. He was studying the tissue properties of the brain using invasive animal techniques, including observing changes. (lesion method).
Advances in genetics and technology have allowed researchers to more precisely study how brain cells are organized within human tissues. In this study, the Rutgers researchers used a recently developed post-mortem gene expression atlas to map how genes are differentially expressed across brain regions, and to map how different cell types are expressed in the brain of the general population. We investigated how this spatially matches network research.
The researchers found that the distribution of specific cell types matched specific networks in the brain cortex, both at the level of individual cell types and at the level of multivariate cellular profiles, or fingerprints. .
“These findings highlight the link between the functional organization of the human brain and its cellular basis,” said lead author Associate Professor Avram Holmes. psychiatry from the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and is a core faculty member at the Rutgers Brain Health Institute and the Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging.
This research has important implications for understanding the cellular basis of brain function across health and disease. ”
Abram Holmes, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
This study investigates how our diverse cell types work together within brain networks and tests other potential models for how cells contribute to brain function. to prepare for future research.
Future research should consider how to integrate these diverse hierarchies of cell definition into analyzes and consider alternative models of brain function in vivo, Holmes said.
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Reference magazines:
Chan, X.-H., Others. (2024). Cell types that support the human functional cortical connectome. natural neuroscience. doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01812-2.
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