Health
Consuming dark chocolate lowers risk of type 2 diabetes
Eating dark chocolate was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but this association was not found for milk chocolate, according to a study published today. B.M.J. The researchers say further studies in randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results and explore the mechanism of action.1
Chocolate and diabetes | Image credit: © Agnes | Stock.Adobe.com
“Our findings suggest that not all chocolate is created equal,” said Bingkai Liu, a doctoral student in the Department of Nutrition at Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health. stated in the release. “For chocolate lovers, this is a reminder that small choices, like choosing dark chocolate over milk chocolate, can make a positive difference to your health.”2
According to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, patient education and counseling are interrelated and pharmacists should go beyond the minimum requirements, the group says. Pharmacists should encourage patients through education and counseling while eliminating barriers to these services. Counseling points include pharmacists needing to know about non-prescription options, disease management, and disease-specific information.3
In the current study, researchers used data from the Nurses' Health Study, the Nurses' Health Study II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. For the primary analysis, patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer) at baseline were excluded. In secondary analyses, the same patients were excluded if they self-reported any of the three previous medical conditions.1
Dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire that included questions regarding chocolate intake, such as “How often do you consume milk chocolate (bar or pack)” and “How often do you consume dark chocolate?” It was evaluated annually. The researchers also identified T2D by self-report based on biennial follow-up questionnaires, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the study's physicians. Weight loss was self-reported at baseline and followed up with biennial questionnaires.1
A total of 192,208 people were included in the total chocolate intake analysis and 111,654 people were included in the chocolate subtype analysis. Across all cohorts, patients who ate more chocolate had higher energy intake, saturated fat, and added sugar, according to the researchers. Dark chocolate intake was also associated with increased Alternative Healthy Eating Index and intake of fruits, vegetables, epicatechin, and total flavonoids. These associations were reversed for milk chocolate.1
Researchers found that people who reported consuming five or more servings of chocolate per week were 10% less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume chocolate at all. Additionally, consuming five or more cups of dark chocolate per week was associated with a 21% lower risk, and no significant association was found between milk chocolate and T2D. Additionally, researchers found that milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was associated with weight gain.1
“We were surprised to find that dark chocolate and milk chocolate had distinct effects on diabetes risk and long-term weight management,” said Qi, an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. said Sun, MD. News release. “Although dark chocolate and milk chocolate have similar levels of calories and saturated fat, it appears that the rich polyphenols found in dark chocolate may offset the effects of saturated fat and sugar on weight gain and diabetes.” is an interesting difference and deserves further study.”2
References
1. Liu B, Zong G, Zhu L, et al. Chocolate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2024;387:e078386. Published December 4, 2024. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078386
2. Eating dark chocolate is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. News release. Harvard University TH Chan School of Public Health. December 4, 2024. Accessed December 6, 2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1066724
3. ASHP Guidelines for Patient Education and Counseling Performed by Pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54(4):431-434. doi:10.1093/ajhp/54.4.431
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