Covid-19 silently calms the sky, the surface, and even the depths

Deaf silence, varied by regional Lock-Unlock switches, has been the perennial theme as the Covid-19 pandemic imposed a global freeze on human and machine activity. Research shows that silence was perceptible not only across the sky and the surface, but also in the depths.

Elizabeth Goldbaum, who has written for Temblor Inc, a disaster design firm that specializes in seismic hazard and risk assessment, wrote the case of seismologist Thomas Lycock in a tweet on April 1 asking collaborators to help understand how pandemic shutdown policies affect seismic noise around the area. . Globalism.

At least 76 scientist and citizen scientists from 66 institutions in 27 countries responded to Lecocq, a seismologist at the Royal Belgian Observatory in Brussels. The team gathered a variety of skill sets and data sources to discover that normal ground vibrations from activities such as driving and building decreased by as much as 50 percent from March to May.

Click here to read the study

The human weight of seismic noise

This global stillness is the longest and most coherent global seismic noise reduction in recorded history; In their research, published recently in the journal Science, the team said that it shows that the contributions of humans to certain frequencies of seismic noise are higher than previously thought. This unexpected lull in human activity allows scientists to discover hidden seismic noise that could indicate potentially harmful hazards beneath the surface. But this new data comes with an important caveat.

“We can get excited about science and what it allows us to do, but we have to bear in mind that we are in the midst of a global pandemic,” said Paula Colemier, co-author and seismologist at Royal Holloway University. from London. Seismologists are accustomed to this because they rely on earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to obtain valuable data with the understanding that those natural disasters can affect and destroy lives.

Medium to large earthquakes produce low-frequency seismic vibrations. Instead of focusing on that, the team examined small earthquakes that people often don’t feel and produce high-frequency seismic vibrations. These high-frequency vibrations can fall into a similar range as human activities, making it difficult for sensors to distinguish between man-made vibrations and natural vibrations in the Earth’s crust.

Additional data sets for the question

Anthropogenic high-frequency seismic noise (4-14 Hz) is considered to be the ambient seismic noise (hiFSAN). Lecocq and his team analyzed hiFSAN data from 337 individually operated broadband seismograph stations for citizens, and found great lull in hiFSAN during the Covid-19 lockdown measures.

“Seismologists are like astronomers,” said Rick Aster, a geophysicist at Colorado State University who was not involved in the study. However, they look for quiet places rather than dark ones. “We usually use holidays and weekends to compare our data,” he said, because seismic noise usually subsides when people are not commuting and are more likely to stay in their places for long periods of time.

However, the team found that in January during the Chinese New Year in Hubei, China, where the coronavirus outbreak began, hiFSAN in 2020 was significantly lower than it had been in previous years. “The shutdown gives us additional data sets to untangle humans from natural noise,” said Aster.

Opening schools and workplaces

Even the global quiet of seismic noise allowed an urban seismograph station to capture a relatively small and distant earthquake. A station in Querétaro, Mexico captured a 5.0-magnitude earthquake at a depth of 15 km that was 380 km away in Petatlán, Mexico on July 4, 2020. “It feels like I was on stage in a stadium that suddenly became very quiet,” said Lycock. If someone in the back says, “Hey,” you will be able to hear it.

Although the policies for closing the pandemic were surprising, Lycock said, the removal of incarceration was much slower. Reopening primary schools more slowly and then secondary schools and workplaces, he said, could allow us to extract specific seismic noise signals. If we can identify the sources of man-made noise more accurately, we can eliminate them when we are looking for natural geological seismic noise that could indicate an impending earthquake or volcanic eruption.

The global decline in seismic noise illustrates how people around the world are staying indoors to help combat the spread of the virus. Lecocq said the lockdown policies also show how we can take small measures to reduce our impact on the environment.

“We are witnessing the actions of billions of people,” said Likoc.

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