Public health researchers link premenstrual dysphoric disorder to higher suicide risk: University of Massachusetts Amherst

A new systematic review by researchers from the School of Public Health and the School of Health Sciences has found that people living with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have significantly increased rates of suicidal thoughts and behavior.

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Research published in journals Management and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Researchreviewed 18 studies involving approximately 2.6 million participants from 10 countries. Researchers found that PMDD patients consistently experience higher suicide rates than the general population.

PMDD is a severe chronic disease associated with the menstrual cycle and is officially recognized as a psychiatric diagnosis in the 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It is estimated that 1.3% to 5.8% of people who menstruate are affected.

“For this condition that is so devastating and affects so many people, [PMDD] It is woefully and shockingly under-researched and misunderstood,” said lead author Eliza Zhitnik, a SPHHS doctoral candidate.

This review identifies several common risk factors associated with suicide in patients with PMDD, including major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, impulsivity, aggression, hopelessness, and hormonal factors.

The researchers also found significant gaps in the current evidence base. None of the studies included in the review examined treatments specifically aimed at reducing suicidality in patients with PMDD.

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Only a minority of the reviewed studies included participants with a “confirmed” diagnosis of PMDD based on prospective symptom tracking over multiple menstrual cycles, a criterion set out in current diagnostic guidelines.

senior author jamie hartman voiceThe assistant professor of health policy and management said the study supports the need for future research to focus on interventions and treatments, especially for people with PMDD who also have other psychiatric disorders.

“What worries me most is knowing that there are many people who are experiencing suicidal thoughts in the meantime, who are not getting treatment or support for PMDD, and who may not have been diagnosed with PMDD,” she points out.

Hartman-Boyce says awareness is essential for people who menstruate and may be experiencing PMDD-like symptoms in order to seek treatment and support, and also for clinicians who must take the condition seriously.

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