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Togo is the first African country to end sleep sickness as a public health problem
Togo has received World Health Organization (WHO) certification to eliminate human African trypanosomiasis or “sleep disease” as a public health problem, becoming the first country in Africa to achieve this milestone.
Sleep diseases are caused by parasites that are transmitted by infected ceca flies and are found in only 36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. If sleep is not treated, it is almost always fatal. About 25,000 cases were detected in 1995, an estimated 300,000 cases remained undetected, and an estimated 60 million people were at risk of infection. In 2019, less than 1000 cases were found. Togo has not reported any cases in the last 10 years.
That achievement comes after more than two decades of continuous political commitment, oversight and case scrutiny. Beginning in 2000, civil servants in public health implemented enforcement measures. In 2011, the country established surveillance posts in hospitals in the cities of Mango and Tchamba, which cover major areas at risk of disease. Public health officials have since maintained increased surveillance of diseases in endemic and high-risk areas.
Togo first applied for Sleep Disease Removal Certification in 2018, and a team of WHO experts studied the data, made recommendations, and requested a review by the state before giving approval.
“This confirmation makes Togo the first country in Africa to eliminate human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness,” said Hon Moustafa Mijiyawa, Minister of Health and Public Hygiene. “Thanks to the joint efforts of all health actors, the disease has been eliminated in Togo. Neighboring countries are not at the same stage and therefore surveillance must be continued to avoid recurrence of this disease. “
WHO-led global collaboration has supported these efforts by facilitating the donation of drugs and resources to pharmaceutical companies, which has helped strengthen local capacities and ensure the continued availability of tools needed to control disease.
“Togo is a roadmap in eliminating sleeping sickness, a disease that has threatened millions of Africans,” said Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa. “I congratulate the government and the people for showing the way. I am sure that the country’s efforts will inspire others to push for the final eradication of sleep diseases. “
There are two forms of sleep sickness. First, because Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, is located in 24 countries of West and Central Africa and accounts for more than 98% of cases. Another form, because Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, is found in 13 countries in East and South Africa and represents the rest of the cases. WHO and partners are targeting elimination as a public health problem in the Republic of Croatia gambiense A form of the disease from all endemic countries by 2030. Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Ghana have started the validation process with the support of the WHO.
Deletion gambiense The form of sleep sickness will require maintaining the commitment of endemic countries and donors, as well as integrating surveillance and surveillance activities into regular health systems. These efforts should be supported by improved tools, innovative approaches to disease control and effective coordination of efforts.
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