Covid-19: Study suggests that one vaccine is sufficient for all coronavirus strains

• Research finds coronavirus strains are not very diverse
• This means that one vaccine can provide universal protection against SARS-CoV-2
• The D614G stock seems to be the most dominant in 84 countries.

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As the world floods to produce vaccines, CoronavirusThe question has been raised as to whether one vaccine can counter all different strains of the virus.

After all, what is the point of a vaccine if it only provides protection against a particular strain?

Mammoth study presented at PNAS I tried to answer this question by ascertaining how different strains of the virus are currently circulating around the world.

Read more | What if I can’t find a Covid-19 vaccine?

Samples from 84 countries

Researchers analyzed 18 514 SARS-CoV-2 sequences sampled from infected individuals in 84 countries since December 2019, including 30 strains sampled at the outbreak in Wuhan and various trials. Compared to the strains used in the development of the vaccine in.

They found that the viral genome was not incredibly diverse, with only 5% of the sequences having 11 mutations and 2 mutations dominating the coronavirus population.

Wuhan Hu 1 is the first derivative strain at the beginning of the pandemic and is likely to form the basis of most vaccines being tested. The new strain is not much different from this original strain, one mutation away from the most predominant strain now, D614G.

“SARS-CoV-2 spreads faster than it evolves, which makes the virus population more homogenous, with a median of 7 nucleotide substitutions between the genomes,” the researchers say.

Read | UCT participating in three international Covid-19 vaccine trials

Neutral and adaptive evolution

The virus becomes moderate with each mutation, and more mutations are possible, but the frequency decreases over time.

The reason for this is that SARS-CoV-2 follows a neutral evolutionary pathway rather than an adaptive evolutionary pathway.

The former means the variation between strains is more random and the latter is Darwinian in nature. The best and strongest genes are inherited and the weakest genes are left behind.

Any sequence can be used

Many traveled via China, Europe and the US before travel restrictions began in March of this year. However, at the genomic level, these variants are not so different.

“Randomly selected SARS-CoV-2 sequences can be used as vaccine candidates given any sequence similarity to the computationally derived optimal vaccine candidate.

“Vaccines developed using either of these sequences should theoretically be effective against all circulating viruses. Vaccine developers have shown that vaccine inserts containing the D614G mutation in S You can consider the design.

This does not mean that dramatic mutations will never occur, but only rarely. It is important to note that this virus is still relatively “young” in humans. Also, it is unclear how it will mutate in the next few years.

Read | How effective is the Covid-19 vaccine in helping the world “return to normal”?

^{Image credit: iStock}

Edited by Gabi Zietsman

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