Health
Researchers are studying the dynamics of aerial propagation
Due to the continuous increase in COVID-19 infections around the world, scientists from various disciplines such as biomedicine, epidemiology, virology, fluid dynamics, aerosol physics, and public policy are studying the dynamics of aerial transmission. I am.
To Fluid physicsAccording to AIP Publishing, researchers at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Mississippi used a model to understand aerial propagation designed to be accessible to a wide range of people, including non-scientists.
Using the basic concepts of fluid dynamics and known factors in the aerial transmission of disease, researchers propose an infectious aerial transmission (CAT) inequality model. Not all factors in the CAT inequality model are known, but situational risk is proportional to exposure time and can be used to assess relative risk.
Using the model, researchers determined that protection from transmission increased with physical distance at a nearly linear rate.
“Double the distance usually doubles the protection,” says author Rajat Mittal. “This kind of scaling or rule helps inform the policy.”
Scientists have also found that even simple cloth masks can provide important protection and reduce the spread of COVID-19.
It also shows that physical activity that increases respiratory rate and human volume increases the risk of infection. The results of these findings have important implications for the reopening of schools, gymnasiums, or malls. “
Johns Hopkins University Rajat Mittal
The CAT inequality model is inspired by the Drake equation in astrobiology and develops a similar factorization based on the idea that aerial transmission occurs when a susceptible person inhales a viral load above the minimum viral load.
The model contains variables that can be added at each of the three stages of aerial propagation. Generation, excretion, and aerosolization of virus-containing droplets from the mouth and nose of infected hosts. Dispersion and transportation by the surrounding airflow. Inhalation of droplets or aerosols and viral deposition on the respiratory mucosa of sensitive individuals.
Researchers want to find out more about the efficiency and transmittance of face masks in dense outdoor spaces. Beyond COVID-19, this model based on CAT inequality can be applied to the aerial transmission of other respiratory infections such as influenza, tuberculosis and measles.
Source:
Journal reference:
Mittal, R. , et al.. (2020) A mathematical framework for estimating the risk of aerial transmission of COVID-19 with the use of face masks and their application to social distances. Fluid physics.. doi.org/10.1063/5.0025476..
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