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continuous political support, new tools and measures are needed to maintain progress
The onchocerciasis report (also known as river blindness) shows continued global progress in achieving a cessation of disease transmission.
Data collected during 2019 show that more than 153 million people have received treatment through a large distribution of drugs in areas at risk of transmission. Furthermore, due to the successful completion of past rounds of treatment and surveillance, it is estimated that 1.8 million people no longer need any further preventive treatment against the disease.
But despite progress, one of the biggest challenges to achieving transmission interruption is to find all areas where the disease occurs, especially hypo-endemic areas.
“We are currently working on strategies to identify and hypo-endemic areas, as the cessation of transmission will require that all people living in all areas where onchocerciasis is transmitted” said Dr. Dieudonné P. Sankara, Team Leader Removal and Eradication Unit, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases Control.
New measures and tools to maintain progress
Black flies breed along fast-flowing rivers and streams, usually crossing remote and fertile lands where people living in villages rely on agriculture.
The next measure to sustain progress toward elimination is to improve entomological ability. The WHO is currently finalizing an entomological handbook for standardizing entomological research and adding new techniques and strategies. The handbook will be useful in developing entomological capacities and ensures that program decisions are based on solid evidence.
“Basically, countries have very few or no entomologists who specialize in black flies. ” said Dr. Raman Velayudhan, head of veterinary public health, vector control and the environment. “Capacity building and training of new entomologists in this area as we advocate global cessation of transmission will be crucial – both for mapping, monitoring progress, and determining when to stop mass treatment campaigns so that post-treatment surveillance can begin.”
Globally, it is estimated that 218 million people still live in areas at risk of transmitting onchocerciasis. Of these, more than 99% of people (who are at risk or affected) live in 31 countries1 sub-Saharan Africa. Onchocerciasis is also transmitted in Brazil, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic) and Yemen.
2020 and the road to 2030
High treatment coverage, better programmatic guidelines, and tools and systems to ensure that decisions are based on high-quality evidence have driven global progress, although the 2020 SARS-COV-2 pandemic has somewhat hampered the implementation of interventions.
Despite the likelihood, support for the cessation of global transmission remains strong and the WHO continues to engage stakeholders in meetings and online consultations to review the goals and challenges of the global onchocerciasis removal program. The outcome of these consultations is embedded in the goals and milestones of the new WHO NTD map for 2021-2030.
Continued political support will be needed to sustain interventions. The “Stamp Out Oncho” campaign, launched in 2019, is expected to further increase commitment.
A detailed progress report is available here.
1 Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania.
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