Health
“Germ Hunters” discovers a rare disease in the Alberta countryside
A rare bat-related lung disease is home to Alberta, according to a new study led by scientists at state laboratories.
Infectious disease Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL) and University of Alberta experts say histoplasmosis Fungal infection It was transmitted through bat and bird droppings and is now found in Alberta. Their work extends the known range of illness far northwest from traditional homes in the central United States and southern Ontario and parts of Quebec.
“Histoplasmosis has always been considered a travel-related infection, so I was surprised at the number of cases obtained locally,” said Dr. Tanis Dingle, APL’s lead clinical microbiologist. Fungal disease Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Arizona. “We now know that it definitely lives in Alberta and can infect people who come into contact with it.”
The fungus can be present in contaminated dust particles, and when inhaled, patients experience respiratory infections with flu-like symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and headache. Incidents usually relate to individuals who come into contact with bat or bird droppings in old homes, churches, construction sites, or parks.
Of the 45 cases of histoplasmosis identified in Alberta between 2011 and 2018, researchers used epidemiological data and genetic analysis to determine that 15 were locally acquired.The case was mainly found in Rural Located in central Alberta, including Thunder, Stettler, County, Stony Plain and Spruce Grove. Previously, the geographical extent of the fungus was not thought to extend northwest of Minnesota, about 2000 km away.The results of the study were published in a medical journal this month Lancet microorganisms.. In addition, an early study of this study led scientists at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to include the area in a newly drawn map of the area known to have the disease.
“Knowing that histoplasmosis is here helps improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have never traveled to traditional danger areas,” said Iran, an assistant professor in the Infectious Diseases Division at A.・ Dr. Schwartz said. It is a difficult disease to diagnose and treat, and patients often spend months before a correct diagnosis is made. Recognizing that the disease is here is an important first step in helping a doctor review the diagnosis and order the appropriate test. “
Researchers are also investigating whether climate change can contribute to the spread of histoplasmosis into new regions. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation have been recorded in Alberta over the past few decades, which may have provided better conditions for histoplasmosis to inhabit Alberta’s soil. The disease can survive at soil temperatures in the range of -18 ° C to 37 ° C, the lower limit of this range being common in winter in Alberta.
The research team wants to continue working by further examining soil samples to determine if the disease may be present in other parts of Alberta.
The study “Histoplasmosis Obtained in Alberta, Canada: Epidemiological and Genome Studies” was published in a medical journal Lancet microorganisms..
Histoplasmosis acquired in Tanis C Dingle et al, Alberta, Canada: Epidemiological and Genome Studies, Lancet microorganisms (2021). DOI: 10.1016 / S2666-5247 (20) 30229-9
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