Dispersed attacks: the collective dynamics of lone actor terrorism
By Stefan Malthaner, Aarhus University, Francis O'Connor, Wageningen UniversityAnd Lasse Lindekilde, Aarhus University
The proliferation of lone terrorist attacks over the past decade has spawned a burgeoning literature and research subfield. However, this research has only partially been integrated into broader discussions of political violence and social movements. In this article, we take up this synthetic challenge and defend the need to theorize the social and collective dynamics of lone actor terrorism. The article proposes a new analytical framework for understanding lone actor terrorism. We propose a conceptualization that draws attention to the social roots of the radicalization of single-actor terrorists and to the collective dynamics of single-actor attacks. Our starting point is the recurring observation that lone actor terrorists are in fact not so alone and that their attacks tend to cluster in time and space. First of all, we propose to conceive of radicalization with an isolated actor as a relational path shaped by social links and interactions with radical environments/movements. Then, drawing inspiration from Charles Tilly's notion of dispersed attacks as a model of dispersed and loosely coordinated collective violence, we suggest three complementary ways of analyzing these processes and their temporal and interactive dynamics. We argue that theorizing the social and collective dynamics of political violence by isolated actors does not only consist of solving an empirical problem (the abundance of social ties, the grouped pattern of violent attacks), but also of analytically grasping a logic of the processes violent entirely different and potentially increasingly relevant. Thus, and paradoxically, the very notion of isolated actors can help us understand the social dynamics of collective political violence more generally.
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Sources
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2/ https://politicalsciencenow.com/scattered-attacks-the-collective-dynamics-of-lone-actor-terrorism/
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