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AI identifies trends in social prejudice in Bollywood and Hollywood films

 


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Babies whose births were depicted in Bollywood films of the 1950s and 1960s were most often boys; in today’s movies, newborn boys and girls are roughly evenly distributed. In the 1950s and 1960s dowry was socially acceptable; today, not so much. And Bollywood’s conception of beauty has remained constant over the years: beautiful women have fair skin.

Fans and critics of Bollywood, the popular name of a $ 2.1 billion Mumbai-centric film industry, Indiamight have some idea of ​​all of this, especially since films often reflect changes in culture. . But that information came via an automated computer analysis designed by computer scientists at Carnegie Mellon University.

The researchers, led by Kunal Khadilkar and Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh of CMU’s Language Technologies Institute (LTI), collected 100 Bollywood films from each of the past seven decades as well as 100 of the top-grossing Hollywood movements from the same period. They then used statistical linguistic models to analyze the subtitles of these 1,400 films for gender and social bias, looking for factors such as words closely associated with each other.

“Most cultural film studies could consider five or ten films,” said Khadilkar, an LTI master’s student. “Our method allows you to watch 2,000 films in a few days.”

It’s a method that allows people to study cultural issues much more precisely, said Tom Mitchell, Founders University professor in the School of Computer Science and co-author of the study.

“We are talking about statistical and automated analysis of movies at scale and over time,” Mitchell said. “This gives us a finer probe to understand the cultural themes implicit in these films.” The same natural language processing tools could be used to quickly analyze hundreds or thousands of books, magazine articles, radio transcripts or social media posts, he added.

For example, the researchers assessed beauty conventions in movies using a so-called cloze test. Essentially, it’s an exercise to complete: “A beautiful woman should have WHITE skin.” A language model would normally predict the “soft” response, they noted. But when the model was trained with the Bollywood subtitles, the consistent prediction became “right”. The same happened when Hollywood subtitles were used, although the bias was less pronounced.

To assess the prevalence of male characters, the researchers used a metric called the Male Pronouns Ratio (MPR), which compares the occurrence of male pronouns such as “he” and “he” with the total occurrences of male and female pronouns. From 1950 to today, the MPR for Bollywood and Hollywood films ranged from around 60 to 65 MPR. In contrast, the MPR of a selection of Google Books fell from nearly 75 in the 1950s to parity, around 50, in the 2020s.

Gifts of money or property from the bride’s family to the bride and groom were common in India before being banned in the early 1960s. Examining words associated with dowry over the years, researchers found words such as “Loan”, “debt” and “jewelry” in 1950s Bollywood films, which suggested conformity. In the 1970s, other words, such as “consent” and “responsibility”, began to appear. Finally, in the 2000s, the words most closely associated with dowry, including “trouble,” “divorce” and “refused” indicate non-compliance or its consequences.

“All of these things we kind of knew,” said KhudaBukhsh, a scientist with the LTI project, “but now we have numbers to quantify them. And we can also see progress over the past 70 years as these biases have been reduced. “

A research paper by Khadilkar, KhudaBukhsh and Mitchell was presented at the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence virtual conference earlier this month.


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Provided by Carnegie Mellon University

Quote: AI Identifies Social Bias Trends in Bollywood and Hollywood Films (2021, February 25) Retrieved February 25, 2021 from https://techxplore.com/news/2021-02-ai-social-bias -trends-bollywood.html

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