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Congressional Rhetoric Xis and the PLAs Advance

Congressional Rhetoric Xis and the PLAs Advance

 


Chinese President Xi Jinping

Chinese President Xi Jinping | Photo credit: Getty Images

Developments following the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China’s rise, its national debates and its agenda deserve closer examination of the role of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) as a geopolitical actor.

Chinese President Xi Jinping, who made history with his unprecedented third term at the Party Congress in October, told China’s elite at the five-year gathering that it was important to further accelerate military modernization to make it a world-class force. He stressed that the PLA should be able to quickly organize military operations and have the ability to win local wars. On the issue of Taiwan reunification, Xi said that if China makes efforts to bring the territory back peacefully, it may deploy military means to achieve its goals. Moreover, Mr. Xi has proclaimed that he will ensure the full reunification of China. More recently, he told US President Joe Biden (during their first face-to-face meeting on the sidelines of the G20 leaders’ summit in Indonesia) that Taiwan was at the heart of China’s core interests. After pushing the rhetoric, Mr. Xi will have to deliver on his promises to Taiwan. In this undertaking, the APL will be an important element.

Strategic change

This year, Xi completes a decade as head of the Central Military Commission (CMC), a body that oversees the CCP’s vast military. In different phases, he evolved the structure and troop units of the CMCs and reconstituted the theaters of command. Its naval fleet is larger than that of the Americas and has enhanced the capabilities of its naval personnel by participating in anti-piracy missions. China has made inroads in building capacity to fight in new battlefronts such as space and cyberspace with the formation of the Strategic Support Force. The PLA Rocket Force, which was transformed into a full-fledged military service branch in 2016, is in charge of China’s land-based nuclear and conventional missile forces. There has been a shift in approach to military education and hiring talent with the PLA, increasingly seeking university students with training in the skills needed to supplement the war effort, namely engineering, communications, internet and drone operations. Reports have also emerged that China is hiring air force pilots from Western countries to train its personnel by offering them huge sums of money in order to understand how foreign defense services operate and fine-tune the capabilities of the Chinese Air Force. Tactics learned through such means could be useful in the event of an invasion of Taiwan.

Defense experts say Xis’s reforms, in which the ground army was pruned in favor of improving the air, naval and strategic service branches, are the biggest overhaul of the PLA since the 1990s with the aim of transforming the army into a modern force. The motivation for this military transformation may have something to do with Mr. Xi’s background. At the time of the Sino-Vietnamese War, Xi was then Secretary of Defense Minister Geng Biaos at the CMC, which allowed him to witness firsthand the shortcomings and shortcomings of the PLA.

Post-Congress ambitions of the Party

China’s military overhaul is also linked to its ambition to oust the United States as a global power. Thus, achieving dominance in the air, space and cyber domains allows China to project its power in the region and protect its interests abroad. In this mission, he borrows from the Western template. The rise of the United States as a world power in the 1940s and the geopolitics of Western Asia where the Americas’ rival, the Soviet Union, began to take an interest led to an increased presence of the US military in hydrocarbon-rich Saudi Arabia. China is similarly expanding its ties with archipelago nations in the southern Pacific Ocean, such as the Solomon Islands, for geopolitical reasons. A Europe in turmoil over the war in Ukraine means China is finding it prudent to expand into the Solomon Islands for its Belt and Road Initiative and build special economic zones. An economic investment that generates good returns depends on political stability, in addition to other variables. This seems to be the reasoning behind the recently signed security pact between China and the Solomon Islands. Imagine that under the guise of protecting Chinese projects and personnel stationed on the islands, Chinese police and military personnel are gaining a foothold on the islands. China then makes inroads into the islands’ security establishment by indoctrinating law enforcement officials through training programs conducted on the mainland, and socializes its political elite through bribery and corruption before take over. This is not a dystopian fantasy, but a reality unfolding right now.

Implications for India

As China’s military reforms have unfolded, there has been a commensurate increase in its aggression and expansion, as evidenced by phases such as the declaration of an Air Defense Identification Zone. over the East China Sea, the reclamation of islands in the South China Sea, followed by the construction of military infrastructure there. Even as China seeks to calm tensions along the border and create an impression of good-naturedness, it is building infrastructure along the Indian border. New Delhi should not be lulled by these Chinese optics or fallacies. The first step in China’s journey to become a world power is to become a regional hegemon in Asia. This means that sooner or later he will have to deal with India.

Harsh V. Pant is Vice President, Studies and Foreign Policy, Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. Kalpit A. Mankikar is Fellow, Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi

Sources

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2/ https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/xis-congress-rhetoric-and-the-plas-march-ahead/article66192330.ece

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