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Pakistan’s education reforms focus on madrassa system

 


In July Pakistan experienced another so-called educational reform. Imran Khan’s government decided to complete its unification of the three education systems (Urdu middle schools, English middle schools and madrassa) by predictably imposing more madrassa on the other two streams. He announced an Islamic masters-level course and allowed raids on printing presses in Punjab province to confiscate hostile publications. Because education is a provincial subject, Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa are required to bear the brunt of this reform, being led by the Khans Tehreek-e-Insaf party.

Qualified liberal and secular teachers are the first to be unemployed under the impending reform. Nuclear physicist Pervez Hoodbhoy and another science professor have been sacked from a university in Lahore as a taste of what’s to come. Hoodbhoys’ thesis is that the reform will make the madrassa dominate over the other two currents and that an education system already with a religious orientation will be more Islamized. Pakistani universities are not recognized outside Pakistan due to the heavy ideological content of their curricula and the discouraging presence of fundamentalist religious elements.

The problem with education in a Muslim state is its reluctance to impart analytical and critical thinking. When a Pakistani educator sits down to frame the content of a textbook, he is afraid of the critical trait of the human mind. Its objective is to prevent the student from applying a critical criterion when analyzing ideology. The recent law allows the administration of the Punjab to form watch groups that could attack publishing houses to remove objectionable content and destroy it and subject the publisher-writer to penalties.

Pakistan is not the only Muslim state to have an educational system hostile to free knowledge. The Arab world is also crippled as Iran and Turkey have succumbed to Islamism and its anti-knowledge worldview. The other negative factor in the Muslim world is the frequent frequency of war which upsets the intellectual conditions required for education, replacing it with propaganda. There is also the rise of Islamism which damages the edifice of rational learning. Boko Haram, an Islamic renaissance terrorist organization active in several African states, attacks rational institutions (read in English) and translates its own name into forbidden English teaching. The other factor that denies education is the incidence of violence in the form of war and civil war. In the case of Pakistan, there is little money left after fighting or preparing for wars, and there is simply no money left in the education fund after covering the expenses of the armed forces. In the Arab world too there are frequent wars during which no one thinks about education.

Teachers are also a problem. Most primary teachers in Pakistan are madrassa graduates who have acquired knowledge that equips them for any secular profession. Children in most publicly funded schools receive poor training in math and history as factual storytelling. Public sector education relies mainly on brainwashing as a teaching methodology. The search for good teachers is a problem in the Islamic world where war and high birth rates exceed the capacity of the state to produce good teachers capable of imparting modern knowledge.

In an article in Arab News, Zaid M Belbagi wrote: In addition to the record number of teachers reaching retirement age and an unprecedented number of children entering the education system, the Statistical Institute UNESCO said 1.6 million new teaching positions will need to be created in the Arab world if universal education is to be achieved. This figure is likely to increase.

Huma Yusuf in Dawn (May 7, 2018) Says: Threats to critical thinking and debate come from many sources: so-called state officials, student wings of religious political parties, students brandishing accusations blasphemy, politicized academics, complicit university administrators and even right-wing media commentators who name and shame educational institutions, forcing them to remain on the defensive and use self-censorship to protect students crowds.

It is curious that English and its logical-sequential speech disturb Imran Khan, who frequently criticizes modern liberal Pakistanis. His bringing together of the three education systems in Pakistan and eliminating one system is typical of the Muslim educator who is afraid of English as a purveyor of rational thought.

This article first appeared in the print edition of The Indian Express. The writer is the editor of Newsweek Pakistan.

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