Politics
Prabowo and the Chinese line in 10 dashes
Indonesian President Prabowo Subiantos' visit to China from Friday to Sunday achieved multiple goals, including establishing cooperation agreements. A controversial agreement in Indonesia was the Joint Declaration between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Indonesia on Promoting the China-Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and Community with a Shared Future. Point 9 of the agreement is particularly notable: the two parties will together create more positive points in maritime cooperation.
This point has sparked controversy in Indonesia, as it appears that Prabowo has recognized China's claims to the South China Sea, which contradicts the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the law international.
International maritime law experts in Indonesia criticized Prabowo for signing the declaration, questioning whether he truly recognized China's ten-line claims, especially since under the administration of former Indonesian President Joko Widodos, Jakarta unequivocally opposed the recognition of Chinese claims in the South China Sea.
The situation poses significant risks to geopolitical dynamics in the region, particularly in Southeast Asia, as countries that strongly oppose China's claims, such as Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines and Brunei Darussalam, could examine Indonesia's position. This could undermine cohesion among ASEAN member states, which have collectively rejected Chinese claims in the South China Sea.
Prabowo's actions clearly contradict his October 20 inaugural speech, in which he said Indonesia would not lag behind competing superpowers. According to the joint statement, Indonesia is lagging behind China.
The main beneficiary of this declaration is China, with Indonesia recognizing Beijing's claims to the South China Sea. Indonesia must assess whether the declaration is beneficial or detrimental to its interests and explain its objectives to its strategic partners. There is no doubt that countries like the United States and Japan would be discouraged by the Indonesian position, as it would affect the freedom of international shipping.
The joint statement fundamentally contradicts Article 8 of Indonesia's State Territory Law No. 43 of 2008, which does not recognize maritime borders with China as the joint statement asserts. Furthermore, Article 10 states that negotiations with other nations regarding the delimitation of the territorial boundaries of states must comply with legal provisions and international law.
A closer look reveals that Indonesia violated UNCLOS rules when formulating the joint declaration.
The worry is that China could use Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest country, as a conduit to persuade other countries to recognize its claims to the South China Sea. Prabowo will have to address the issue upon his return, as some believe he was meticulously thought out and calculated in approving the joint statement.
Mr. Syaprin Zahidi is a lecturer at the Department of International Relations, Universiti Utara Malang and a doctoral candidate at Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
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