Turkish Drones: What explains Erdogan's hand behind the assault of Pakistan?

A few days after the terrorist attack in Pahalgam when India and Pakistan were locked in a deepening crisis when India had undertaken to punish the authors and their donors in Pakistan, reports seemed to affirm that several C-1330th Turks Hercules had made it possible to proceed at the last minute of the weapons of Pakistan, by producing the closure. Apparently in preparation for a response to a possible India surgical strike.But the Turkish government has refuted the complaint. A Turkiye freight plane landed in Pakistan to refuel. He then continued on his route. Speculative news made outside the declarations of authorized persons and institutions should not be invoked, a government statement said. Pakistan was isolated following the attack on Pahalgam, even his relatives Arab allies abstaining from storing on the side. China, its nearest ally, was also circumspect. It has been assumed that Turkey would not dare Pakistan against India either.
However, it seems that Turkey actively helps Pakistan in combat against India. On Friday, the Indian government said that on the night of May 7 and 8, the Pakistani army had dismissed Turkey's Dones in Turkey in 36 places in India. In addition, a Turkish naval warship, TCG Bykada, arrived at the port of Karachi last Sunday, just a few days after a Turkish Air Force C-130 plane landed in the city. The Turkish authorities described the visit as a usual port visit after a visit similar to Oman, but the timing was suspect.
Although Turkey and Pakistan have a story of military collaboration and Turkey has also sold weapons to Pakistan, the supply of weapons and a warship visit during the conflict with India point to the active support of Turkey in Pakistan against India.

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Why is Erdogan returning to Pakistan against India?

Under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who has been a dominant figure in Turkish policy since 2003 (first as Prime Minister, then President of 2014), relations with the indication experienced periodic tensions punctuated by attempts at engagement. Turkey was among the first countries to recognize India after its independence in 1947, and diplomatic links were established in 1948. Relations remained largely neutral during the period of the Cold War, because India aligned with the non -aligned movement and Turkey was held firmly in the Western block as a member of NATO. The relationship has grown in the post-cold period period, in particular through economic and cultural exchanges. However, with the rise of Erdogan in power and its growing accent on a neo-Ooman policy of foreign policy which seeks to extend Turkish influence through the Muslim approach of Turkey to India has started to reflect ideological and geopolitical recalibrations. Erdogan Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia, announced in 2019 and aimed at deepening economic, diplomatic and cultural ties with Asian countries, is actually part of Erdogan's broader ideological project: redesigns Turkey as a spiritual and political leader of the World Muslim Ummah. A point despite the point despite the position of the Pakisstans in the position of the Pakisstans. Erdogan has repeatedly raised the question of cashmere on international platforms, notably in the United Nations General Assembly, including during and after the repeal of article 370 in August 2019. Turkey's growing defense partnership with Pakistan, including the transfer of drone technology and naval cooperation, directly concerns India. Turkish defense companies have become more active in South Asia, while India remains cautious about the Turkish military ambitions in the region.

On the other hand, the growing ties of Turkey with China, in particular under the Belt and Road (BRI) initiative, contrast with the opposition of India to the BRI because of concerns of sovereignty linked to the Chinese-Pakistani Economic Corridor (CPEC).

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How Turkey arms Pakistan

As part of the vision of the Pan-Islamist foreign policy of Erdogans, links in Turkey-Pakistan have turned into structured military cooperation, encompassing defense production, training, joint operations and strategic alignment.

Turkey and Pakistan consider themselves more and more as part of a broader Islamic geopolitical block, often positioning itself unlike traditional power centers in the Middle East such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, or regional rivals such as India and Greece. The Erdogans' ambition to direct the Ummah Muslim well aligned well with the long -standing desire for leadership Pakistans in the Islamic world.

One of the most visible areas of growth has been the industrial defense collaboration, Turkey emerging as a key defense supplier for Pakistan. In 2018, Pakistan signed a major agreement with the Turkish State Defense entrepreneur Asfat for four stealthy Corvettes by Milgem, which is part of the Aboriginal Naval program of Turkey. The agreement was estimated at around 1.5 billion dollars and includes technology transfer, with two corvettes built in the Pakistans Karachi shipyard.

Pakistan ordered 30 T129 T129 T129 helicopters in 2018 for around 1.5 billion dollars, to improve its fleet of attack helicopters. The agreement was blocked due to American export license problems because the engines used are manufactured in the United States. However, Turkey and Pakistan continue to explore bypass solutions, including engine replacement or indigenous development.

Turkey has provided a Super Mushshak Trainer Aircraft support and has expressed its desire to collaborate on drone technology in an area where Turkey has acquired significant global recognition with platforms such as the Bayraktar TB2.

What does India do to counter Turkish movements?

The Turkeypakistan deepening defense partnership is closely monitored by India, in particular given the vocal support of Erdogans for cashmere and military cooperation with Pakistan. India has also continued strategic countermeasures to compensate for Turkish pressure and create a lever effect in the Mediterranean and South Caucasus regions of geopolitical interest in Turkey.

India has considerably deepened diplomatic links with Greece, a historic rival of Turkey. In 2021, India and Greece held their very first naval exercises jointly in the Mediterranean Sea. High -level visits between the two nations have intensified and India has reaffirmed its support for the territorial integrity of Cypruss, directly by contract support for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. These movements are widely considered as a deliberate signaling to Turkey: this interference in cashmere could invite reciprocal activism in the sensitivity areas of the turkey.

In another striking decision, India has concluded defense cooperation with Armenia, a country in conflict with Azerbaijan, the turkeys are closed. In 2022 and 2023, India signed several arms agreements with Armenia, providing PINAKA rocket systems, anti -tank missiles and surveillance radars implicitly balancing Turkish and Azére military assistance in the south of the Caucasus. These offers are not only commercial; They represent a geostrategic alignment on an axis supported by the Turkish.

India has also developed strategic relations with the countries of Israel, the United Arab Emirates and France which also see the regional activism of turkey with suspicion.