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A fast-moving belly flop: Researchers reveal the unique abilities of cricket frogs | Virginia tech news
The team discovered that the frogs actually sink with each jump. While the skating provides an image of the frogs jumping around freely with only their feet penetrating the water's surface, the recordings showed a different image. Socha, Weiss and their teammates noticed that every time a frog came down after a jump, its entire body would be submerged. The movement looked less like a frog jumping and dancing freely across the water, and more like a pop and a jump. Their movements could better be called porpoises, after the movement used by a porpoise or dolphin: jumping into the air from below the surface of the water.
Launch from underwater
The reason that cricket frogs previously appeared to dance across the water with the eye is largely due to their rapid movements.
To capture this ultra-fast movement, the team used a 20-gallon glass tank and released the frogs inside it. High-speed cameras recording up to 500 frames per second were pointed from the side of the glass tank to capture the action above and below the water's surface. As the frogs jumped, the team recorded their escape.
The images were then slowed down to a small fraction of the original speed. When they viewed the footage, the team members made their surprising observation: the frogs did indeed sink.
It's fascinating how easily we can be fooled by fast animal movements, Socha said. Here we are fooled by a frog that looks like a jumping stone, but actually jumps and dips several times in a row. Frogs are great jumpers, but most don't exhibit this porpoise behavior, and we still don't know why. Is there something special about the frog's jump, or is it just a matter of small body size?
By observing them in slow motion, team members were able to observe the movement of the frog as it retracted and extended its limbs. They also noticed that the angle of his body relative to the waterline played a factor in helping him balance himself in the water. They split each jump cycle into:
- Taking off, from a submerged position
- Aerial view, or time in the air after a jump
- Back in the water, back in the water
- Recovery, reset for the next jump
In just over a second, the frog would take off while completely submerged, extending its feet in an underwater thrust to propel its body above the surface. The hind legs remained extended as they moved through the air, and the forelimbs moved forward from pressing against the body. The extended forelimbs are the first to hit the water when re-entering, and the hindlimbs are still extended when it sinks. As it sinks, the hind legs retract and bend back into a jumping position. Another jump is performed, repeating the movement.
It's basically a belly flop.
The team observed frogs making as many as eight jumps in a row, each completed in less than a second.
Understanding skittering is an important discovery in the field of biology, but it requires other keys as well. This discovery provides a new physical basis for the future of bio-inspired robotics. It can be applied to a water testing system that needs to be deployed quickly, or to an amphibious drone that performs water depth measurements. These futuristic devices can take cues from nature to use well-tested methods that frogs have used for centuries.
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