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Today's coding challenge is a favorite from Google and Amazon. See if you can solve it in O(n).

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Coding Challenge

Longest consecutive sequence

Given an unsorted integer array nums, returns the length of the longest sequence of contiguous elements.

I need to write an algorithm that runs in O(n) time.

Input: Number = [100,4,200,1,3,2]
Output: 4 Explanation: The longest sequence of consecutive elements is [1, 2, 3, 4]So the length is 4. Input: nums = [0,3,7,2,5,8,4,6,0,1]
Output: 9

Please solve the problem here before reading the solution.

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Solution

To solve this problem in O(n) time, use a HashSet to store all the numbers in an array, which allows you to check if a number exists in the set in O(1) time.

Iterate through each number in the array. For each number, check if the consecutive number before it (num – 1) is not in the set. If not, it means this number is the beginning of the sequence.

Then we increment the number and check to see if the next consecutive number is in the set, until we find a number that isn't in the set, at which point we'll reach the end of the sequence.

If the length of the current sequence is longer, update the length of the longest sequence.

The time complexity of this solution is O(n) because it iterates over the array once and each HashSet operation takes O(1) time on average.

System Design Description

How to design X (Twitter)?

The main requirements are to post new Tweets, follow users, display a newsfeed of Tweets from followed users, and search.

It uses a microservices architecture with services for newsfeed generation, user information, tweet information, and search. The services communicate over REST or gRPC.

Newsfeed services pre-generate and cache feeds for fast access, they can use ranking algorithms like EdgeRank to prioritize relevant Tweets, and approaches like fan-out on write allow new Tweets to be pushed instantly to followers' feeds.

For data partitioning and scalability, we shard our database using consistent hashing. Cassandra or PostgreSQL can store the core data, and Elasticsearch enables fast searches.

Use object storage such as S3 to store photos and videos, which can then be cached on a CDN for fast delivery.

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news

This week in tech

Apple unveils AI plans: Apple announced an AI push called “Apple Intelligence” that will leverage AI across devices and apps. ChatGPT will be integrated into iOS 18 via Siri. Other updates include custom AI emojis, AI writing tools, and AI enhancements to apps like Photos.

Mistral AI Funding: French AI startup Mistral AI has raised $645 million at a $6 billion valuation. Microsoft is also an investor. Mistral is building large-scale language models similar to GPT to take on OpenAI and become the European champion of generative AI.

Apple Overtakes Microsoft: Fueled by enthusiasm over the artificial intelligence plans announced at WWDC, Apple briefly became the world's most valuable company again on Wednesday, June 12. The company's market cap reached $3.3 trillion, surpassing Microsoft's $3.2 trillion, but the lead did not last until the close of trading.

OpenAI executive hires: OpenAI hired Nextdoor's Sarah Friar as CFO and Planet Labs' Kevin Weil as chief product officer. OpenAI also announced a deal to integrate ChatGPT with Apple's Siri.

Humane for sale: Humane, an AI hardware startup founded by a former Apple designer, is looking for a buyer after its AI Pin device received bad press. The company is in talks with HP and telecommunications companies and has hired an investment bank to advise on a potential deal.

Microsoft Outsources AI: According to Okta CEO Todd McKinnon, Microsoft is effectively outsourcing its best AI research and development to OpenAI and reducing itself to an “AI consultant” role, which could benefit Google's organic AI efforts.

AI in education is booming: Nearly half of U.S. teachers and students now use ChatGPT weekly, and 70% of students approve of AI chatbots in education. Adoption has skyrocketed over the past year, despite concerns about cheating.

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