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Googlebot will soon speak HTTP / 2

 


HELP: Starting November 2020, Googlebot will start crawling some sites over HTTP / 2.

Since mainstream browsers began to support the next major revision of HTTP, HTTP / 2, or h2 for short, web experts have asked if Googlebot can crawl a newer version of the upgraded protocol.

Today, we announced that from mid-November 2020, Googlebot will support crawling over HTTP / 2 for certain sites.

What is HTTP / 2

As mentioned earlier, this is the next major version of HTTP, the protocol that the Internet primarily uses to transfer data. HTTP / 2 is much more robust, efficient, and faster than its predecessor due to its architecture and the ability to implement it on clients (browsers, etc.) and servers. For more information, see our long article on the HTTP / 2 topic on developers.google.com.

Reasons to make this change

In general, this change is expected to make crawling more efficient when it comes to using server resources. With h2, Googlebot can open a single TCP connection to the server and efficiently transfer multiple files in parallel on the server without the need for multiple connections. The fewer connections you have open, the less resources your server and Googlebot will spend crawling.

How to use

In the first phase, we will crawl a small number of sites via h2 and gradually increase to sites that may benefit from initially supported features such as request multiplexing.

Googlebot decides which site to crawl h2 based on whether the site supports h2 and whether the site and Googlebot will benefit from crawling over HTTP / 2. If your server supports h2 and Googlebot has already done a lot of crawls from your site, you may be eligible for a connection upgrade and you don’t need to do anything.

It’s okay if the server still only communicates with HTTP / 1.1. There are no obvious drawbacks to crawling through this protocol. Crawls remain the same in quality and quantity.

How to opt out

Preliminary testing did not have any issues or negative impacts on tabbing, but for a variety of reasons it is recommended that you opt out of your site from crawling over HTTP / 2. To do this, tell the server that Googlebot will respond with a 421 HTTP status code when it tries to crawl the site via h2. If that’s not possible at this time, you can send a message to the Googlebot team (although this solution is temporary).

If you have other questions about Googlebot and HTTP / 2, check out the questions that Google might ask. If you can’t find your question, please contact us on Twitter and the Help Forum.

Posted by Jin Liang and Gary

The software that Googlebot uses to enable h2 to crawl is mature enough to be used in production.

Do you need to upgrade your server as soon as possible?

it is up to you. However, the only support for this is to switch to crawling the h2 site, which obviously benefits from it. Googlebot will continue to crawl through h1 even if there is no clear benefit of crawling through h2.

How can I test if my site supports h2?

Cloudflare has a blog post that contains a number of different ways to test if your site supports h2. Please check it by all means!

How do I upgrade my site to h2?

This really depends on your server. We recommend that you consult your server administrator or hosting provider.

How do I get Googlebot to talk to my site and h2?

can not. If your site supports h2, you can crawl through h2, but only if it’s beneficial to your site and Googlebot. For example, if crawling via h2 doesn’t save a lot of resources, just keep crawling your site over HTTP / 1.1.

Why not crawl all h2-enabled sites via h2?

Our assessment found that certain sites (for example, sites with very low QPS) had little benefit when crawled via h2. That’s why I decided to switch crawls to h2 only if the site had obvious benefits. We continue to evaluate performance improvements and may change future switching criteria.

How can I tell if my site is crawled on h2?

When a site can be crawled through h2, the owner of that site registered with Search Console will see a message stating that some of the traffic they crawl in the future may exceed h2. You can also check the server logs (for example, the access.log file if your site is running Apache).

Which h2 features are supported by Googlebot?

Googlebot supports most of the features introduced in h2. Some features, such as server push, that may be useful for rendering are still under evaluation.

Does Googlebot support plaintext HTTP / 2 (h2c)?

No. To be able to crawl over HTTP / 2, your website must use HTTPS and support HTTP / 2. This is equivalent to how modern browsers handle it.

Does Googlebot use the ALPN extension to determine the protocol version to use for crawling?

Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is used only at sites that are opt-in to crawl through h2, and h2 is the only protocol accepted in the response. If the server responds during the TLS handshake with a protocol version other than h2, Googlebot will back off and later revert to HTTP / 1.1.

How can the various h2 features help with crawling?

Some of the many, but most notable, benefits of h2 are:

Multiplexing and concurrency: Fewer TCP connections open means less resource consumption. Header compression: Significantly reduced HTTP header size saves resources. Server Push: This feature is not yet enabled. It is still in the evaluation stage. This may be useful for rendering, but there is nothing specific at this time.

If you would like to know more about the relationship between a particular h2 feature and crawl, please contact us on Twitter.

Does Googlebot crawl more or faster than h2?

The main advantage of h2 is that it saves resources on both the server side and the Googlebot side. Whether you use h1 or h2 to crawl does not affect how your site is indexed. Therefore, it does not affect the amount you plan to crawl from your site.

Are there any ranking benefits for sites that are crawled via h2?

number.

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