Researchers identify new source of earthquakes and tsunamis in greater Tokyo area – ScienceDaily

Researchers have discovered geological evidence that unusually large earthquakes and tsunamis from the Tokyo region – which lie near tectonic plate boundaries that are known to be a source of seismic hazard – may be traced to a previously unconsidered plate boundary. The team, led by Jesica Bilarczyk, an Earth scientist at Simon Fraser University, published its research today in Nature Geoscience.

The team’s groundbreaking discovery presents a new and understudied seismic hazard to Japan with implications for countries on the Pacific Rim, including Canada.

Pilarczyk points to low-lying areas such as the Delta, Richmond and Port Alberni as potentially vulnerable to tidal waves originating from this area.

In 2011, eastern Japan was hit by a massive 9-magnitude earthquake – creating the largest rupture zone of any earthquake originating from the Japan Trench. It caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and a tsunami that traveled thousands of miles – affecting the shores of British Columbia, California, Oregon, Hawaii and Chile.

Over the past decade, Bellarczyk and an international team of collaborators have worked with the Japan Geological Survey to study Japan’s unique geological history. Together, they discovered and analyzed sand sediments from the Poso Peninsula area (50 km east of Tokyo) that they attribute to an unusually large tsunami that occurred about 1,000 years ago.

Until now, scientists did not have historical records to ascertain whether a portion of the Philippine Sea/Pacific Plate boundary near the Poso Peninsula was capable of generating large tsunamis similar in size as the Tohoku event in 2011.

Using a combination of radiocarbon dating, geological and historical records, and paleoecology, the team used 13 hypothetical and historical models to assess each of the three plate boundaries, including the continental/Philippine Sea plate boundary (Sagami Basin), and the continental/Pacific plate boundary (trench). Japan) and the Philippine Sea/Pacific Plate boundary (Izu-Bonin Trench) as sources of a 1000-year-old earthquake.

Pilarczyk reported that typical scenarios suggest that the source of the 1,000-year-old tsunami originated from the offshore area off the Poso Peninsula – the smallest (eg, potential earthquakes of minimal strength), are related to the former. The unstudied Izu-Bonin Trench on the border of the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Plates.

Says Pilarchik, assistant professor of earth sciences at SFU who holds the Canada Research Chair in Natural Hazards. Strong earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis are historically recognized hazards from the continental/Philippine plate boundary (Sagami Basin) and continental/Pacific (Japan Trench) plate boundaries but not from the Philippine Sea/Pacific boundary alone.

Pilarczyk hopes that these findings will be used to produce more informed seismic hazard maps for Japan. It also says that this information could be used by remote field sites, including Canada, to inform building practices and emergency management strategies that would help mitigate the devastating consequences of an earthquake similar to the one 1,000 years ago.

Story source:

Materials provided by Simon Fraser University. Original by Diane Mar-Nicole. Note: Content can be modified according to style and length.

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