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A record number of countries contribute to the data by revealing alarming rates of antimicrobial resistance
Geneva – A record number of countries are now monitoring and reporting on antibiotic resistance – a major step forward in the global fight against drug resistance. But the data they provide reveals that a worrying number of bacterial infections are becoming increasingly resistant to the drugs available.
“As we gather more evidence, we see more clearly and worryingly how rapidly we are losing critical antimicrobial drugs around the world,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO). “These data underscore the importance of protecting the antimicrobial drugs we have and developing new ones to effectively treat infections, preserve health in the last century, and ensure a secure future.”
Since the report of the World Health System for Antimicrobial Resistance and Use (GLASS) of the World Health Organization in 2018, participation has grown exponentially. In just three years of existence, the system now combines data from more than 64,000 monitoring sites with more than 2 million patients enrolled from 66 countries. In 2018, the number of monitoring posts was 729 in 22 countries.
Several countries also report on the recently approved Antimicrobial Resistance Indicator (AMR) as part of monitoring the SDG. “The huge expansion of countries, institutions and patients covered by the new AMR surveillance system allows us to better document the emerging threat to public health of the AMR,” said Hanan Balkhy, WHO Assistant Director General for Antimicrobial Resistance.
High rates of antimicrobial drug resistance, often used to treat common infections, such as urinary tract infections or some forms of diarrhea, indicate that there are not enough effective ways in the world to fight these diseases. For example, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin, an antimicrobial drug commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, ranged from 8.4% to 92.9% in 33 reporting states.
The WHO is concerned that this trend will be further fueled by the inappropriate use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence shows that only a small proportion of patients with COVID-19 need antibiotics to treat subsequent bacterial infections, and the Organization has issued guidance do not provide antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis to patients with mild COVID-19 or to patients with suspected or confirmed moderate COVID-19 disease unless clinically indicated.
Dr Balkhy said: “We believe that this clear guideline on the use of antibiotics in the COVID-19 pandemic will help countries deal effectively with COVID-19 and prevent the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the context of a pandemic.”
The WHO remains concerned about declining investment (including the private sector) and the lack of innovation in the development of new antimicrobial drugs – factors that undermine efforts to combat drug-resistant infections.
“We need to strengthen global cooperation and partnerships, including the public and private sectors, to provide financial and non-financial incentives for the development of new and innovative antimicrobials,” Balkhy added.
To support this effort, the WHO has published two documents on target product profiles guide the development of new treatments for common resistant bacterial infections and an economic model that simulates the costs, risks, and possible return on investment in the development of antibacterial drugs.
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