Monte Cristo Earthquake error remains active with 6,500 aftershocks

The 6.5-magnitude earthquake is still continuing. Two weeks after Nevadans woke up, the Nevada Seismic Laboratory tracked 6,500 massive aftershocks – four at a magnitude 5.0 and greater, from the quake sequence.

“The aftershocks can last for years and a decade,” said Ken Smith, director of the Seismic Network and associate director of the Nevada Seismology Laboratory. “The major earthquakes of 1954 in December of that year preceded a series of earthquakes of great magnitude and following the aftershocks that started in July. So this may be an indication that this is not over. Fortunately, today we have real-time data to monitor progress Activity that may indicate another major event. However, keep in mind that each series of these active aftershocks after major earthquakes in Nevada develops in its own unique ways. ”

The U.S. Geological Survey, which partners with the Nevada Seismology Laboratory to monitor seismic sequences, estimates that during the week to June 6, there is a 99% chance of a 3 or higher earthquake with up to 22-49 such events, an opportunity with a strength of 5 and more Above it is 39% with a chance of up to three of these, size 6 and above is 6% with a probability of two individuals in this range and a chance of 7 or greater is 1 in 100 such an earthquake is possible but with a low probability.

Within minutes of 4:03 am the Monte Cristo earthquake on May 15, members of the University of Nevada, the seismology laboratory in Reno, were at full speed. The lab began validating their automatic notification of 6.5 shaker, the largest in Nevada in 65 years, and worked with USGS to communicate data to the public. It also started to move a series of activities to bring lab members to the event site to develop additional seismometers to better monitor the activity.

Installation of temporary seismometers

Eight temporary remote seismographs and a local microwave telemetry system were installed, starting from day one, which returns data directly to the university via the microwave network at the state-level seismic laboratory. Other partnership agencies, including USGS, Mission Support, and Test Services from Nevada National Security, have installed additional hardware.

“The addition of additional tools is very important,” Smith said. “We are trying to get the optimum coverage to achieve the best event locations. We have to look at local conditions and the line of site for telemetry. To be able to achieve good locations, the ideal station falls within one focal depth of activity. For the M6.5, the nearest station was After 36 miles – it is almost impossible to get a good enough location to solve fault structures. The region of the aftershocks is about 12 miles, and the tools are now located inside and outside the aftershocks area, to get the best coverage. ”

So far in this sequence, there have been 284 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or higher, which are strong enough to feel, four earthquakes of magnitude 5 or higher, which are large enough to cause damage and the rate of aftershocks higher and slow down than the average of aftershocks in similar areas around the world.

Seismic devices indicated that the earthquake originated 1.7 miles below the surface in the shallow crust of the North American plate.

Geologists at the university paint the error

Also after its early morning strength 6.5 the Monte Cristo earthquake on May 15, geologists from

The University of Nevada Mines and Geology office quickly prepared for a ground trip. Led by the office’s Rich Koller, geologists, seismologists from the office, the Nevada Seismology Laboratory, the USGS, and the California Geological Survey mobilized field teams and traveled to the earthquake epicenter in a remote area southeast of the small town of Mina and about 35 miles from Tonopah.

Teams identified and recorded surface tears, displacements, and other field observations. Geologists looked forward to a description and a map of how rupture affected the Earth’s surface: by taking measurements, images, and GPS points from cracks along the fault lines across the desert.

“The surface torn by the field teams runs 10 km west of Interstate 95,” Koehler said. “It is interesting that only minor surface cracks were observed just east of Interstate 95 near the epicenter. Efforts are under way to better determine the eastern end of the surface rupture. The lateral left compensation ranged from about 5-15 cm, but an average of about 10 cm. Note a vertical displacement of up to 10 cm in some traces of the malfunction.

Various crews toured the landscape in search of surface rupture, coordination via mobile phones, social media, and night briefings to spread the information to other team members. Being the largest earthquake in Nevada in more than 65 years, and its location within the center of Walker Lane, the event generated a similar level of interest within the seismology community as did the Ridgecrest earthquake in 2019.

The team made sure to travel on separate vehicles and follow social distance protocols that are not usually required for field work. Kohler joined Geologists Seth D. and Craig DePulo, also from the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Steve Wisnowski of the Nevada Seismology Laboratory and Ian Pearce Geologist recently completed a PhD in the Department of Geosciences and Engineering.

“I was in the central area before 3:30 pm,” Kohler said. “We camped out during the entire field response just above the epicenter of the earthquake. Not only was the epicenter more than 20 miles from the nearest hotel, but camping provided a better position to maintain the social distance required by the university. Plus, it was great to feel and hear Hundreds of aftershocks beneath us. “

Given the number of geologists expected to arrive for the survey, and discussions with the USGS and CGS, Kohler was asked to take on the role of the state’s field response coordinator.

Kohler was in contact with the USGS and the California Geological Survey to help them plan the logistics and the size of the field crews they were planning to send to the epicenter. Some researchers came to the area independently, and worked with them to ensure that their observations were incorporated into the map database. The Office of Mines and Geology collects observations from different teams in a comprehensive map of surface rupture.

Use GPS satellites to track the movement of the Earth’s crust

The Nevada Geodesic Laboratory, a unit at the University’s Nevada Mines and Geology office, continues to measure the continuous deformation of the Earth’s crust in the area. They use GPS satellites and earth stations to study tectonic motion. Because of the work they did weeks ago, they had sensors on the ground and logged data into the area when the event happened, and captured it in action. So far, they have seen a permanent movement of the Earth 120 miles from the epicenter.

“The Nevada Geodetic Laboratory was constantly observing the event during our survey and was on the ground deploying temporary stations a few days after the event,” Kohler said. “Geological field efforts have been greatly assisted by the rapid availability of InSAR data processed by USGS, JPL and other researchers and shared with real-time field survey teams. This has helped us focus on areas that have been torn off by the surface.”

In 2004, the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory began building and expanding the “MAGNET” network of GPS stations. One of the main goals of the network was to capture the movements caused by earthquakes in the Great Basin and learn more about them.

“MAGNET” now extends to the Great Basin via Nevada to California, Oregon, Utah and Arizona with 400 GPS stations. The plant deploys GPS stations at about 30 locations around the epicenter of the earthquake and the sequence of aftershocks on the May 15, 2020 range of Monte Cristo M6.5 earthquake, all of these stations will be visited several times in the coming months to download continuous notes.

Professor Geoff Bleewitt, Director of the Geodesic Laboratory, said in the week beginning May 25: “We have a field crew consisting of two camps today (105 degrees in the Panamiente Valley last night). They are in the Owens Valley area collecting GPS ( GPS). Station equipment that can be moved to the Monte Cristo earthquake zone.

Professor Bill Hammond and technician Brett Pecoraro collected mobile equipment from the Ridgecrest earthquake sites and southern Sierra Nevada for deployment in the Monte Cristo Center area.

“This 6.5 magnitude earthquake happened well inside this dense network of stations,” Beloit said. “Without this dense network, we will not be able to learn as much as we learn from this earthquake. We have about 50 mobile GPS units, so we transfer units to collect data at all stations.”

“Big earthquakes happen infrequently, so studying a large earthquake in our backyard is a rare opportunity,” Peirce said. “Moreover, many earthquake effects are considered“ perishable, ”meaning that cracks are filled with sand on which wind and rain blow, and aftershocks eventually stop, so to understand earthquakes these types of data must be collected as soon as possible. These efforts are to better understand how earthquakes affect our region, and ultimately mitigate seismic risks to our societies and infrastructure. “

Nevada is the third most seismically active state in the country after Alaska and California. The Walker Lane is a seismically active area 60 miles wide and bordering Nevada and California. Walker Lane starts in the Mojave desert in southern California and extends east from Sierra Nevada, north through western Nevada in the Reno region, and then to northeastern California.

“We can expect earthquakes in Nevada,” said Jim Foulds, director of mines and geology of Nevada, College of Science. “It happened for millions of years in Walker Lane.”

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