How a ‘massive and silent’ earthquake caused a mysterious global tsunami

Researchers have published an investigation into the mysteries behind the massive “hidden” earthquake that triggered a global tsunami last year.

In a study published in Geophysical Research Letters on February 8, scientists said a total of five earthquakes, including one massive “hidden” earthquake, triggered the tsunami after it struck near the South Sandwich Islands on August 12, 2021, in a remote area. Southern Ocean off the coast of South America.

The study showed that tsunami-causing earthquakes such as the August 12 incident have complex patterns that can confuse how scientists measure key tectonic activity.

The authors suggested that current approaches to mitigating potential damage from earthquakes and tsunamis may need to be rethought to ensure that tsunami warnings are reliable.

The researchers described an initial rupture that occurred deep in the oceanic crust between the South American and South American Sandwich tectonic plates at a depth of about 29 miles. This earthquake, which measured 7.5 on the Richter scale, then triggered other earthquakes, including a third, less shallow – and much more violent.

This 8.2-magnitude earthquake later generated most of the energy in the rupture chain, the researchers said, and had far-reaching effects, with waves recording thousands of miles from their source.

The tsunami from the earthquake spread far across the ocean, reaching into the North Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, with tide gauges measuring several inches as far as 6,200 miles in some cases, the newspaper said.

However, for such a massive event that spans the globe, the earthquake left no trace in the model data that scientists use to study such phenomena, baffling researchers as to what actually happened.

“The third event is special because it was huge and it was silent,” Zhi Jia, a seismologist at Caltech, told news site Phys.org. “In the data we usually look at, it was almost invisible.

“We need to rethink our way of mitigating earthquake and tsunami risks. To do this, we need to accurately and accurately describe the true size of large earthquakes, as well as their physical processes.”

The study showed that the larger shallow earthquake signature was initially lost in the complex data caused by the series of multiple earthquakes that occurred on August 12.

“It is difficult to find the second earthquake because it is buried in the first,” Jia said. “Complex earthquakes like this are rarely observed…and if we didn’t use the right dataset, we couldn’t really see what was hidden inside.”

Stock Photo – Tsunami warning sign. Research has shown that complex, multiple-rupture earthquakes can confound current tsunami warning methods. Lawrence Souls / Getty Images

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