The world’s largest active volcano has two earthquakes; USGS Issue Statement

This map shows all earthquakes measured over the past week, with the red dots being the most recent foci. The center of the red circles indicates where today’s two strong tremors were concentrated. Photo: USGS

Two moderate earthquakes hit the area around Mauna Loa this morning on the Big Island of Hawaii, prompting the US Geological Survey to issue a statement about the strongest seismic activity observed today in the area known to be the world’s largest active volcano. The US Geological Survey’s (HVO) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory recorded a 4.3-magnitude earthquake on Friday, April 15, 2022 at 1:58 a.m., followed 8 seconds later by a 4.6-magnitude earthquake.

According to HVO, strong shaking, with maximum intensity of VI on the Modified Mercalli Density Scale, has been reported across parts of the Big Island of Hawaii. According to the USGS, at this intensity, no significant damage to buildings or structures is expected. However, an earthquake of this intensity can shake things and nerves. According to the USGS, “many objects fall off shelves” in an earthquake of this magnitude while it can “scare many”. While structural damage is unlikely, flaking plaster, broken windows, and damaged chimneys can occur near the epicenter. Outside, this type of earthquake can shake and bring down tree limbs and tops, while isolated rockslides and landslides can also be possible.

According to HVO geophysicist Jefferson Chang, these earthquakes had no apparent impact on the Kīlauea or Mauna Loa volcanoes. “This earthquake appears to be part of the seismic swarm under the Pahala region, which has been ongoing since 2019. Earthquakes have been observed in this region at least since the 1960s. We do not see any detectable changes in activity at the peaks or along fault zones in Mauna Loa or Kīlauea as a result of these earthquakes. Please be aware that aftershocks do occur and some of them may be large enough to be felt.” The US Geological Survey said HVO continues to monitor Hawaii’s volcanoes for any changes.

Mauna Loa rises above the Kapapala Forest Reserve on the eastern side of the Big Island of Hawaii. Today’s twin earthquakes struck just south of this location. Photo: Weatherboy

In addition to the lack of a life-threatening volcanic eruption risk, there is also no risk of a tsunami. The National Weather Service’s Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii has issued its own bulletin on the twin quake saying it does not expect a tsunami despite the vibrations from the earthquakes.

The epicenter of today’s earthquake was near the town of Pahala on the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii. Scientists believe that the magma that supplies the volcanoes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea is traveling deep into the seismically active city.

The nearby Kilauea volcano continues to erupt. However, the lava from this eruption is completely contained within the caldera crater. Currently a tourist attraction within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, the eruption at Kilauea poses no immediate lava threat to residential areas.

During the Kilauea eruption, Mauna Loa wasn’t – and hasn’t done so in many years. The volcano’s last eruption was in 1984.

Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on Earth, rising to 13,681 feet above sea level. Mauna Loa rises from the ocean floor in the middle of the Pacific Ocean at a depth of about 3 miles. Because of the volcano’s large mass, the ocean floor below Mauna Loa is sinking another 5 miles. According to the USGS, this places Mauna Loa’s summit at 56,000 feet above its base; The massive volcano covers half of the island of Hawaii, also known as the “Big Island of Hawaii”.

HVO scientists with the USGS continue to urge them to be vigilant and prepare for the final day Mauna Loa will erupt again. “While an eruption of Mauna Loa is not imminent, it is now time to reconsider personal eruption plans. Similar to preparing for hurricane season, having an eruption plan in advance helps during an emergency,” HVO said in an earlier statement.

Mauna Loa volcanic eruptions tend to produce massive, fast-moving flows of lava that can affect communities on the eastern and western sides of the Big Island from Kona to Hilo. Since the 1850s, Hilo in eastern Hawaii has been threatened by 7 flows of Mauna Loa lava. On the southern and western sides of the island, Mauna Loa lava flows reached the coast there 8 times: in 1859, 1868, 1887, 1926, 1919 and three times in 1950.

This map shows the response time people can expect based on the Mauna Loa eruptions over the past 200 years. The different sectors around Mauna Loa are colored according to how quickly the lava reaches the inhabited areas. The warmer the color, the faster the flows will travel. Lava flows at Mauna Loa over the past 200 years are shown in grey, and numbers along the shoreline indicate times of lava moving into the ocean after the vent(s) opened. The large and bold numbers record the average effusion rates of different parts of the volcano in millions of cubic meters per day (Mm3/d). Photo: USGS

According to the USGS, while Mauna Loa is not currently erupting, deformation and seismic rates remain high above long-term background levels. GPS measurements continue to show a slow, long-term swell of the summit consistent with the magma supply to the volcano’s shallow storage system. The slight increase in the inflation rate that started in January 2021 continues.

The US Geological Survey suggests that people in Hawaii have a “travel bag” stocked with essentials now before Mauna Loa’s next eruption. Photo: HIEMA

With another volcano eruption on Mauna Loa inevitable, although the timing has yet to be determined, the USGS is urging people in Hawaii to come up with a personal response plan, prepare a “go bag,” and determine what to do if an eruption occurs at different times. of the day or week.

“The most important thing you can do is have a personal response plan,” the USGS says. “Document what you will do when a volcano erupts and make sure your family and friends are aware of this plan.”

The USGS suggests having a “travel bag” in order. “Nowadays, people pack ‘go’ bags with essential items in case you have to leave your home under an eviction order. You may want to include important documents, such as a birth certificate, contract, legal papers, and medications.”

Location of volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii. Photo: USGS

The USGS says that people in Hawaii should develop plans that take into account different types of days and time of day: If family members are at work or school at specific times, the plan should address what people should do and how they should communicate at A case of a volcanic eruption. People are not at home. The USGS says, “It helps to also have a communication plan, so you can connect with those you care about.”

Mauna Loa is one of 5 volcanoes that make up the Big Island of Hawaii. The oldest volcano on the island of Hawaii is Kohala, which is over a million years old. Kilauea is the youngest, its age is estimated at about 300,000-600,000 years. Mauna Loa is the island’s second youngest volcano, estimated to be around 700,000 years old.

A series of fissures spewed lava near the summit of Mauna Loa in 1984. A person stands in the lower left of the image. Photo: Griggs, JD/Public Domain/USGS

Mauna Loa is a shield volcano that has long and wide cliffs that drop into the ocean. Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are highly liquid and usually non-eruptive. The magma of Mauna Loa and Kilauea, the last of which has erupted since December, is sourced from a hot spot in the middle of the Pacific Plate. As the plate slowly drifts, Mauna Loa will eventually move away from the hot spot, becoming a dormant volcano in the next 500,000-1,000,000 years.

Map showing areas covered by lava from the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa. Photo: USGS

The most recent eruption of Mauna Loa occurred from March 24 to April 15, 1984. A lava flow from 1984 extended near the summit while additional fissures pushed the flows in the general direction of Hilo. The flows stopped about 4 miles outside the city limits of Hilo. No lava has flowed from Mauna Loa since then.

While scientists are certain that Mauna Loa will erupt, they are not entirely sure when or where the lava from the next eruption will flow. Previous flows affected the communities of Puako and Waikoloa Beach on the northwest coast, Kailua-Kona and Captain Cook on the west coast, Milolii and Ocean View on the southwest coast, and Hilo on the east coast. Because of the wide range of impacts in past eruption events, the USGS is encouraging people island-wide to prepare for the possibility of volcanic activity. In addition to the dangers of fast-moving lava flows, there can be toxic volcanic gases and volcanic fog known as vog, as well as falling volcanic debris such as ash or volcanic glass.

Hawaii also does not have a monopoly on volcanic threats in the United States. While the US Geological Survey ranked Kilauea as the largest volcanic threat in the United States in its updated 2018 list of volcanic hazards, Mauna Loa ranks only 16th on the list. Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainer in Washington, the heartland of Alaska, Mount Shasta in California, and Mount Hood and Three Sisters in Oregon are considered the most dangerous.

Threat rating for US volcanoes: These are the volcanoes with an “extremely high” threat level within the United States Photo: USGS

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