Central America Leads Earthquake Early Warning Technology Forward

Four Central American countries have revealed that they are conducting public tests of a new earthquake warning system the day before an earthquake strikes near Nicaragua.

Public tests of the earthquake early warning system are currently underway in Nicaragua. These tests are the latest steps in a collaborative initiative to build an alert system for four countries in the region.

The project, known as Alerta Temprana de Terremotos en América Central (ATTAC), was presented at the annual meeting of the American Seismological Society. It is a collaboration between the National Seismological Networks of Guatemala (INSIVUMEH), El Salvador (MARN), Nicaragua (INETER) and Costa Rica (OVSICORI-UNA) and the Swiss Seismological Service of ETH Zürich, funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.

Central America is one of the most earthquake prone regions in the world due to it being a large subduction zone.

In the past 24 hours, the region has experienced five earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 or higher, 26 earthquakes between 3.0 and 4.0, and 31 earthquakes between 2.0 and 3.0. According to the US Geological Survey, one of them, with a magnitude of 6.7, broke the cost of Nicaragua, and was also felt by its two neighboring countries, El Salvador and Costa Rica.

“In each of these countries, in living memory, there have been earthquakes causing significant deaths, often in capitals,” said John Clinton, project coordinator at ETH Zürich. More than twenty thousand people died in two of the four countries [Nicaragua and Guatemala] It’s the ’70s, so there’s raw feeling and raw emotion. Moreover, on a regular basis, people experience perceptible earthquakes.”

Earthquake early warning algorithms were installed in all four countries as part of ATTAC, and 71 robust moving stations were installed to supplement sometimes patchy coverage, most notably in Guatemala.

The systems not only consist of stations located on the ground, but are also capable of recording strong motion data with low latency. Recent tests show that the system can issue warnings seconds before the arrival of powerful Earth-shaking S waves from offshore shallow subduction zone earthquakes. This usually happens within 10 to 20 seconds of their original times.

Late last year, Nicaragua’s project partner INETER began sending out warnings to test users at about 70 different establishments in Managua, including markets, airports, embassies and civil defense ministries. The warnings are being sent using a digital TV platform in collaboration with Japanese engineers who are developing local digital TV services that are already established in the region.

“Although digital television is at the forefront of what we do in terms of alert delivery, we also look at mobile phone alerts and sirens, as in Mexico City,” said Frederic Maassen, of the Swiss seismological service at ETH Zürich.

Unlike earthquake early warning systems in other countries, such as the US ShakeAlert, alerts are not only delivered to specific areas where the ground shaking reaches a certain intensity.

“The expectation in these countries is that any alert is better than no alert,” Clinton added. “That means we can take a risk and start implementing the system immediately.”

“Together with each national institution, we have successfully built EEW systems that perform similarly well in every country despite their many differences. We have the ability to provide a ShakeAlert-style system across Central America.”

The project is set to run for another two years, with researchers expecting to conduct early warning of public earthquakes in Nicaragua and get a good start to operations in the other three countries.

“With each national institution, we have been successful in building EEW systems that work well in every country despite their many differences,” Clinton said. “We have the ability to provide a ShakeAlert-style system across Central America.”

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