Connecting Texas earthquakes to oil and gas production

Story at a Glance Last year, more than 200 earthquakes of magnitude 3 struck West Texas. High oil and gas production in the Delaware Basin region is believed to play a causal role. Investigators evaluated 5,000 earthquakes between 2017 and 2020 to determine the impact of production on the frequency of earthquakes.

An increasing number of earthquakes have rocked West Texas in recent years, leading some in the area to consider purchasing earthquake insurance.

Now, new research from the University of Texas at Austin has found that oil and gas activity in the region is highly correlated with most recent earthquakes.

The Delaware Basin in western Texas and southern New Mexico is home to large reservoirs of oil and gas making it a prime target for fuel production activities.

Researchers tracked seismic activity and productivity in the region from 2017 through 2020 and found that 68 percent of earthquakes greater than 1.5 magnitude were related to gas and oil extraction and wastewater disposal efforts.

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The investigators evaluated the effects and frequency of daily hydraulic fracturing and pressure-driven modeling for wastewater disposal in shallow or deep geological formations.

Companies perform hydraulic fracturing by pumping pressurized liquid into a wellbore to extract natural gas. But the process has been criticized in the past for producing large amounts of toxic wastewater that poses a challenge to their disposal.

About 5,000 earthquakes were evaluated, of which, 43 percent were associated with injections in shallow sedimentary formations and 12 percent with deep injections below the depth of hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing has been linked to 13 percent of reported earthquakes.

The present results indicate an increased number of earthquakes associated with hydraulic fracturing than those previously reported in Reeves County and showed that shallow sewage-driven modeling is associated with many earthquakes in the region.

The researchers hypothesize that the latter result is likely due to reactivation of long parallel faults.

The modeling techniques used in the paper “can help oil and gas producers and regulators identify potential risks and adjust production and disposal activity to reduce them,” co-author Alexandros Savedis said in a press release.

The researchers hope that the model will help other regions determine whether seismic activity is related to oil and gas production efforts.

Posted on June 28, 2022

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