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Middle East Coronavirus Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) – Saudi Arabia

 


Between 1 April and 31 May 2020, the National Contact Point of the IHR of Saudi Arabia reported nine new cases of MERS-CoV infection, including five deaths. Cases were reported from Riyadh (seven cases), Assir (one case) and the northern region (one case). Most cases were and ranged in age from 40 to 96 years.

Of the six cases reported in Riyadh, six were hospital hospital epidemics in the region between May 21 and 31, 2020: an index case of a newly admitted patient and five secondary cases identified by contact tracing. One of the secondary cases was a health worker, and the other four patients were admitted due to other health conditions. All four patients were lying in bed and older than 75 years. All reported cases had comorbidities except the healthcare professional.

The link below provides details on the nine reported cases.

WHO risk assessment

Infection with MERS-CoV can cause severe disease resulting in high mortality. Humans are infected with MERS-CoV by direct or indirect contact with dromedaries. MERS-CoV has shown the ability to transmit between humans. So far, the observed unsustainable human-to-human transmission has taken place mainly in health care facilities.

The notification of additional cases does not change the overall risk assessment. The WHO expects that additional cases of MERS-CoV infection will be reported from the Middle East, and that cases will continue to be exported to other countries by individuals who can become infected after exposure to dromedaries, animal products (for example, consuming camel raw milk) or people (for example, in a health facility). The WHO continues to monitor the epidemiological situation and conducts a risk assessment based on the latest available information.

From 2012 to 31 May 2020, the total number of confirmed MERS-CoV MERS-CoV infections reported to the World Health Agency was 2,562 with 881 deaths. The global number reflects the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases reported to the WHO per IHR to date. The total number of deaths includes deaths that the WHO is aware of to date through monitoring of affected Member States.

WHO advice

Based on the current situation and available information, the WHO encourages all Member States to continue monitoring for acute respiratory infections and to carefully review any unusual patterns.

Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures are key to preventing the possible spread of MERS-CoV in healthcare facilities. It is not always possible to identify patients with MERS-CoV infection early because, like other respiratory infections, the early symptoms of MERS-CoV infection are not specific. Therefore, healthcare professionals should always apply standard precautions consistently to all patients, regardless of diagnosis. Capital measures should be added to standard precautions in the care of patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infection; contact precautions and eye protection should be added as a precaution for probable or confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection; air precautions should be applied in carrying out aerosol generation procedures. Early identification, case management, and isolation, along with appropriate measures to control and suppress infection, can prevent human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV.

MERS-CoV appears to cause more severe disease in people with diabetes, renal failure, chronic lung disease, and people with impaired impairment. Therefore, these people should avoid close contact with animals, especially dromedaries, when visiting farms, markets or barns where the virus is known to be circulating. General hygiene measures should be followed, such as regular hand washing before and after touching animals and avoiding contact with sick animals.

MERS-CoV is more severe in infected individuals with diabetes, renal failure, chronic lung disease, and debilitated individuals. Therefore, these people should avoid close contact with animals, especially dromedaries, when visiting farms, markets or barns where the virus is known to be circulating. General hygiene measures should be followed, such as regular hand washing before and after touching animals and avoiding contact with sick animals.

Food hygiene procedures should be followed. People should avoid drinking raw camel milk or camel urine or eating meat that is not cooked properly.

The WHO does not advise a special inspection at entry points with respect to this event nor does it currently recommend the application of any travel or trade restrictions.

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