The devastation caused by the 2004 Aceh tsunami

TEMPO.CO, JAKARTA – In the early morning of December 26 of 2004, the Indonesian province of Aceh was hit by a massive tsunami triggered by a magnitude 9.1 earthquake. In just under 10 minutes, thousands of cubic meters of ocean water were displaced onto the land and more than 170,000 people were killed in Indonesia and thousands more in neighboring countries that were unfortunately in the path of the tsunami.

The cause of the tsunami disaster in Aceh in 2004

The earthquake occurred under the sea that triggered the deadly tsunami in the western region off the coast of Aceh. This single tsunami is still recorded as one of the most powerful tsunamis of this century. A number of scientific literature recorded the earthquake, which had a magnitude between 9.1 and 9.3. Meanwhile, the USGS recorded the violent earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1.

The fault that stretches from the West Aceh Sea to the Andaman Sea recorded as the Eurasian, Indian, and Australian plates is the longest-spanning fault, according to the National Science Foundation.

A number of tsunamis entered mainland Aceh in just 6 minutes, prompted by the shallow nature of the earthquake, which had an epicenter or depth of only 10 km. Scientific reports indicate that the seismic fracture consists of six to 11 segments with a length of 1,155 km where the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates meet.

Global effects of tsunamis

The first earthquake occurred at 07:59 West Indonesia Time (WIB) and caused multiple tsunamis that hit a number of coastal countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar and a number of South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian countries. Maldives and India. The massive energy from the waves reached countries on the east coast of Africa such as Somalia and the Seychelles, killing 303 people.

16 countries were affected by the earthquake and Indonesia was experiencing the worst due to the proximity of the country’s epicenter. Huge waves destroyed cities such as Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, West Aceh, Aceh Jaya, Pedi, Beron and Lhoksumawi.

Overall, the 2004 tsunami claimed 226,308 lives across the list of affected countries. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, 173,741 people have been killed while 394,539 people have been displaced and forced to live in refugee camps. Among the victims in Indonesia, as many as 534 Swedish citizens were killed in the disaster, making it the European country with the most citizens in Indonesia killed during the disaster.

A book entitled “Aceh Post-Fifteen Years of the Tsunami” written by Syamsidik and his colleagues recorded that the Aceh tsunami also caused losses in many sectors. According to February 2005 assessment data conducted by the government and the donor community, 1,488 schools were destroyed and some 150,000 students were affected.

As many as 26 community health centers (Pushquimas), nine seaports, and 230 kilometers of public highway sustained significant damage. The agriculture sector also took a big hit after the 2004 Acehnese tsunami damaged 11,000 hectares of land, with 2,900 hectares of it permanently damaged. Meanwhile, about 90 percent of the coral reefs around Acehnese waters were also damaged. All of this damage weakened Aceh’s economy to 15 percent the following year.

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