Scientists find the outcome of an earthquake in the DNA of an organism

Seaweed waving leaves create a quiet underwater scene, with dim, flowing sunlight. However, it may be hidden in the genes of living organisms, evidence of the planet’s previous geological violence.

In research published last week in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, researchers say kelp genes along the shore of New Zealand’s southern island bear the signs of an earthquake 800 years ago, when a portion of the ocean ascended the Earth and erased its inhabitants. This path has given way to newcomers from a different genetic background, the ancestors of kelp today. The results indicate that moments of catastrophic change in the environment can be detected by comparing genes across groups of some organisms.

New Zealand lies above a group of fault lines. After an earthquake four years ago, the edge of a mistake near the town of Kaikoura fired more than six feet out of the water, and John Waters, a professor of zoology at the University of Otago, and colleagues began wondering what happened to kelp after this devastation. Those stranded quickly above the tidal line die, but as the underwater ecosystem turns into a new normal, there is suddenly a lot of free real estate where new individuals can overwhelm and take over. Because of the way in which a number of kelp rugs live in the area in the long run and make room for new arrivals, algae provides an ideal test bed to see if the effects of the disaster on the gene pool continue over time, “said Dr. Waters.

About 800 years ago, according to the geological record, there was a similar earthquake in New Zealand along the coast near Dunedin. Scientists sampled kelp along 60 miles of that shore. Each individual herb was very similar to other types of its species. However, when scientists examined genetics, there were major differences related to where kelp was collected. The ox grass that lived 15 miles long was forced into the air during that earthquake long ago was different from its neighbors of the same type on both sides, whose homes had long suffered unobstructed.

Dr. Waters said: “We were only deceived when we looked.” “We can see where the rise was from just looking at genetics.”

When the wandering bull grass from a distance further to the coast reaches the wasteland left behind by the earthquake, it is likely to reproduce rapidly, and to control the entire footprint of the elevated region within a few decades, before anyone else can enter. Their grandchildren still lived there. Their presence is a sign of an ancient disorder, but also a regeneration.

“One of the things we learned from this is how quickly nature recovered,” said Dr. Waters. “It is reassuring that nature has that power.”

The work confirms the idea that after ecosystems recover from disasters, the genetic makeup of living things can carry the signatures of change for hundreds of years or more. The fact that the new kelp barely mixed with its neighbors 800 years after the earthquake is especially interesting – it indicates that the “winner takes everything” effect occurs, as the first person in the scene can maintain their dominance for centuries, the researchers wrote. The group is now watching the reconstruction of the Kaikoura earthquake highlands, and collecting samples as the new kelp arrives. Clappers traveling, it turns out. Individuals can float thousands of miles away and still be able to stay while washing on a remote beach.

When the kelp multiply, Dr. Waters said, many small creatures that inhabit it can return. The interwoven strings connecting kelp with rocks form small worlds sheltered in the waves as small crustaceans and other animals reside.

He said, “You have a small environment that is protected for things to continue in their daily lives.”

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