Good Friday Earthquake in Alaska on 03/27/64

Image. Above is Fourth Avenue in Anchorage, Alaska immediately after the great earthquake of March 27, 1964. Here the sidewalk dropped 11 feet in response to a 14-foot horizontal movement.

The earthquake occurred at 5:36 pm on Good Friday, sixty years ago. The shaking lasted an incredible 4 minutes and 38 seconds. The quake measured 9.2 magnitude and remains the strongest earthquake in modern history in North America and the second most powerful earthquake in modern world history after the 9.5 magnitude earthquake in Chile in 1960. Across south-central Alaska, ground fissures, collapsing structures, and tsunami waves generated by the quake appeared. It caused the death of 131 people.

The six-hundred-mile (970 km)-long fault exploded at once and traveled 60 feet (18 m) high, releasing about 500 years of pressure buildup. Soil liquefaction, fissures, landslides and other ground faults cause significant structural damage and extensive property damage. The City of Anchorage experienced significant destruction or damage to many homes, buildings, and infrastructure that was not adequately designed for earthquakes (paved streets, sidewalks, water and sewer pipes, electrical systems, and other man-made equipment), particularly in the numerous landslide areas along Knik Arm. Two hundred miles (320 km) southwest, some areas near Kodiak were permanently elevated by 30 feet (9 m). Southeast of Anchorage, areas around the head of Turnagain Arm near Girdwood and Portage fell by as much as 8 feet (2.4 metres), requiring rebuilding and backfilling to raise the Seward Highway above the new high tide mark.

In Prince William Sound, the Port of Valdez was subjected to a massive underwater landslide, which led to the deaths of 32 people between the collapse of the port of the city of Valdez and its docks, and inside a ship that was anchored there at the time. Nearby, a 27-foot (8.2 m) tsunami destroyed the village of Chinija, killing 23 of the 68 people who lived there. The survivors managed to escape the wave and climbed to higher ground.

Plank pushed through frame by tsunami – Alaska 3 27 64 earthquake

The tsunami that followed the earthquake severely affected the communities of Whittier, Seward, Kodiak and other communities in Alaska, as well as people and property in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California.[4] Tsunamis also caused damage in Hawaii and Japan. Tsunamis were observed in more than 20 countries, including Peru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Japan, Mexico and in Antarctica. The largest tsunami wave was recorded in Shop Bay, Alaska, about 220 feet (67 m) high. Evidence of movement directly associated with the earthquake has also been reported from Florida and Texas.

This map shows the arrival time after the main tsunami earthquake

Twelve people were killed by the tsunami in or near Crescent City, California, while four children were killed on the Oregon coast at Beverly Beach State Park.[21] Other coastal cities in the Pacific Northwest and Hawaii in the United States were damaged. Minor damage occurred to boats as far south as Los Angeles.[22] The effects of the earthquake were observed as far east as Freeport, Texas, where tide gauges recorded waves similar to seismic surface waves.[23]Seizures have been detected in wells in countries around the world, including England, Namibia and Australia.

A rift broke between the Pacific and North American plates near Coolidge Strait in Prince William Sound. The epicenter was 12.4 miles (20 km) north of Prince William Sound, 78 miles (125 km) east of Anchorage and 40 miles (64 km) west of Valdez. Focus occurred at a depth of about 15.5 miles (25 km). Ocean floor shifts generated large tsunamis (up to 220 feet (67 m) high), resulting in numerous deaths and significant property damage.[5] There were also large rockslides, resulting in severe property damage. A vertical displacement of up to 38 feet (11.5 m) occurred, affecting an area of ​​100,000 square miles (260,000 square km) within Alaska.

The largest landslide in Anchorage occurred along Knik Arm between Point Woronzof and Fish Creek, causing extensive damage to many homes in the Turnagain-By-The-Sea subdivision.

Hundreds of aftershocks occurred in the first weeks after the main shock. On the first day alone, eleven major aftershocks with a magnitude greater than 6.0 were recorded. Nine more were struck over the next three weeks. In all, thousands of aftershocks occurred in the months following the quake, and smaller aftershocks continued to hit the region for more than a year.

Town of Portage after the earthquake – The tsunami and subsidence left much of the town under water

In the longer term, the US Army Corps of Engineers led efforts to rebuild roads, remove debris, and establish new sites in cities for completely destroyed communities, at a cost of $110 million.[29] The West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center was formed in direct response to the disaster. Federal disaster relief funds paid for reconstruction as well as financial support for the Alaska government's devastated infrastructure, spending hundreds of millions of dollars that helped keep Alaska financially solvent until the discovery of massive oil deposits in Prudhoe Bay.

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