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The seismic scale escapes from the “hell” of the Caribbean volcano

 


Photo: Laying the optical cable near Fumarole at the top of La Soufriere de Guadeloupe. Show more

Credit: Roman Veron

The heights of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano can be hellish, burning more than 48 ° C (120 ° F) and spreading in waves of acid gases. Researchers want to monitor gas and steam explosions at its summit, to learn more about the potential of the volcano’s eruption, but traditional seismometers are rapidly destroyed in the hostile environment.

However, an instrument called the visual seismometer appears to be up to the challenge. In the journal Seismological Research Letters, a team of scientists describes how to develop and install an seismometer at a distance of only ten meters from the bombardment fumarole (venting gas and steam) at the top of a Caribbean volcano.

The motion of the optical seismometer (and hence the ground) is estimated using the interference phenomenon, which occurs when the infrared laser beam is reflected by the reflected surface of the seismometer’s mobile block. This laser beam is carried between the seismograph at the top and a remote and secure electronic optical station through a long optical fiber cable, climbing up the slope of the volcano. The station calculates ground displacement and sends records in real time to the volcanic observatory and the French earthquakes in Guadeloupe.

Roman Veron, lead author of the paper from the ESEO Group and LAUM Laboratory at the University of Mann, said the seismograph works purely mechanical, and does not require any electronics or power supplies that are subject to summit conditions. The device is covered with Teflon to protect it from the sulfur gases emitted by fumarole.

Veron and his colleagues write in SRL: “It is, to our knowledge, the first high-resolution optical seismometer ever installed on an active volcano or other dangerous area.”

They pointed out that the success of the seismograph, after ten years of development, indicates that it can be a good seismic solution in other challenging environments, including oil and gas production fields, nuclear power plants and high-temperature geothermal tanks.

The device is now working on the volcano for nine months, and the device is collecting data that will be combined with other observations from the Guadeloupe Observatory to better monitor La Soufrière. The last large volcanic eruption of gas and steam in 1976 caused evacuations in Bas-Ter, the capital of Guadeloupe. Since 2018, the peak of the volcano and the fumaroles summit has become increasingly active.

Seismic monitoring in volcanoes can help researchers understand the movement and pressure of underground fluids. Veron said that the new optical seismometer could provide better locations for microscopic events under the dome, and provides a more detailed overview of “fumarole signature, which helps limit the geometry and activity of the plumbing system in the dome.”

The researchers reported that the device recorded seismic waves from a regional earthquake, an earthquake in Chile, and small seismic events within the volcano less than 2.5 km (1.6 miles) below the summit.

Veron and his colleagues took a steep climb to the 1,467 meters (4,813 feet) La Soufrière summit in September 2019 to install the seismograph, using gas masks to protect themselves from the toxic gases flowing from the active fumaroles. In addition to gases and high temperatures, Veyron said the team needed to closely monitor the weather during the installation.

“It could be beautiful on the bottom of the volcano, but my hell is on top at the same time,” he remembers. “It becomes extremely difficult to climb the steep and slippery slopes of the volcano with heavy equipment in the back, let alone lightning.”

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