A long, quiet initial rupture leads to multiple fault ruptures

Study area summary of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake. Credit: Geophysical Research Letters (2024). doi: 10.1029/2024GL109224

At approximately 4:10 pm on January 1, 2024, the Noto area in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, was hit by a large earthquake with an instantaneous magnitude of 7.5. This earthquake, known as the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, registered a maximum seismic magnitude of 7 on the Japanese scale and caused widespread damage, including many casualties.

Several active faults, extending primarily in a northeast-southwest direction, are known to exist on the Noto Peninsula and surrounding areas.

For approximately three years before the earthquake, slow seismic crustal deformation and active seismicity were observed, which are believed to be related to the movement of subsurface fluids. Understanding how active fault networks and crustal activities contribute to large seismic ruptures is crucial to understanding the mechanisms of generating earthquakes and producing intense shaking motions.

In a study published in Geophysical Research Letters, researchers examined global seismic waveform data to estimate the rupture process for the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake.

The results indicate that the earthquake included multiple rupture episodes. It is worth noting that the initial rupture, which lasted about 10 seconds after the earthquake, coincided with a zone of previous active crustal activity. Moreover, the main rupture that followed the primary rupture was divided into western and eastern ruptures across the primary rupture zone, where each sequentially ruptured fault zone had different orientations and inclinations.

This study highlights that the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake was governed by a network of faults with diverse geometries, and that it was closely linked to the crustal activity observed in the primary rupture zone before the main shock.

This complex rupture growth process is expected to provide valuable insights to gain a better understanding of earthquake mechanisms and assess earthquake damage risks.

More information: Ryo Okuwaki et al, Multiple rupture sequences under a complex fault network due to past earthquake swarms during the Noto Peninsula 2024 Mw 7.5, Japan Earthquakes, Geophysical Research Letters (2024). doi: 10.1029/2024GL109224

Provided by the University of Tsukuba

Citation: 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake: Long, quiet primary rupture leads to multiple fault rupture (2024, June 20) Retrieved June 20, 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2024-06-noto-peninsula-earthquake- Quiet break.html

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