Al-Kozmiya August 7, 2020 Landslide in Kherba, Algeria

The Landslide blog is written by Dave Beatley, widely recognized as a world leader in the study and management of landslides.

There is an interesting article (Bournan and Mezouar 2024) in the Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment about the Khirba collapse in Algeria, which was reactivated by the Mila earthquake of 7 August 2020. Algeria is a country rarely featured in this blog, but parts of the country have a significant landslide problem .

The collapse of the ruin is interesting for a number of reasons, and the authors do a really good job of providing a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by the slope. The failure is large – Bournan and Mezoir (2024) estimate it to be about 2170 meters long and 1800 meters wide, with a volume of about 26 million cubic meters. It is located at 10,000 square feet. [36.4484, 6.2391].

This is a Google Earth image of the site in February 2020 before reactivation:

Google Earth image of the Kharba landslide in Algeria before reactivation. Image collected in February 2020.

It is clear from the image that this slope was already vulnerable to instability, even though it was not active before the earthquake.

This is the same site in January 2022:-

Google Earth image of the Kherba landslide in Algeria after it was reactivated. Image was collected in January 2022.

Here is a comparison image that highlights the effect of slope reactivation due to the earthquake:

The impact of the landslide was significant – Bournan and Mezouar (2024) indicate that it caused damage to 1,055 buildings, “including a primary school, a middle school, roads, and two water supply reservoirs.”

The second very interesting aspect of this landslide is the triggering event. On 7 August 202, the Mila = 4.9 earthquake occurred about 10 km to the northeast of the site, which was sufficient to reactivate the landslide. Eyewitnesses noticed signs of instability 15 minutes after the mainshock, so we can be confident that this was the cause of the failure.

This is an unusually small event that would produce significant instability – Bourignan and Mezouar (2024) suggest that rainfall in the weeks preceding the failure may have played a major role in triggering potential instability. Modelling suggests that peak local ground acceleration may also have been high despite the modest magnitude of the earthquake.

This is a really interesting study, as it once again emphasizes the complex ways in which seismic loading can lead to destructive instability, even when the magnitude of the event is small. It seems likely that a very large proportion of the damage from this earthquake was the result of slope instability.

reference

Bournan, H. and Mezouar, N. 2024. Geomorphological, hydrogeological and geotechnical characteristics of the large and deep landslide in El Kherba caused by the 7 August 2020 earthquake (magnitude 4.9) in the city of Mila, northeastern Algeria. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 83, 288 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-024-03781-z

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