Virginia Tech Seismologist Reaches Heart of Historic West Coast Quake | Virginia Tech News

“I love being able to uncover the stories of earthquakes and tsunamis by reading the clues left behind in coastal sediments, and it’s encouraging that others find it interesting too,” said Dora, who works with the Fralin Life Sciences Foundation’s Center for Global Change. “Ultimately, we’re trying to raise public awareness of the threat earthquakes and tsunamis pose to coastal communities, so the more that information can be shared in different forms—publications, public lectures, media—the better.”

The group uses geological methods to reconstruct the seismic history of the Northwest Coast of the United States to better understand these past disasters and help gauge the likelihood of future disasters. Its researchers have conducted and published research sponsored by the National Science Foundation, and it is playing a key role in the creation of the Cascadia Earthquake Science Center and its planned open databases.

Supported by a $250,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, the researchers are focusing on mapping the geophysical faulting and tsunami flooding that followed the last known earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone in 1700. Dora's research colleagues at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and the University of Oregon are also grant recipients.

“We're starting with the 1700 earthquake because that's where we have the most data, and as we refine our method we can look at older earthquakes,” Dora said.

Other subduction zones around the world have been more active, producing some of the largest earthquakes on Earth, including a magnitude 9.1 to 9.2 earthquake in Indonesia in 2004, and a magnitude 9.0 to 9.1 earthquake in Japan in 2011.

By searching not only for sand but also for microfossils preserved in the coastal core samples, Dora and his team discovered that the tsunami triggered by the earthquake had traveled further inland than previously thought.

“We also use diatomaceous algae because it’s silt-sized and moves much further inland than sand,” Dora said. “We’ve already moved the flood line about 2 kilometers inland at one site.”

Working back from the flood will help determine the criteria needed to determine what type of fault occurred and the size of the earthquake. Dora and her team will map many of the sites where they have identified more precise flood lines by analyzing grain size and microfossils to get a more comprehensive picture of the impact of the tsunami and flood.

They plan to share their data with local partners, such as state geological surveys and emergency planners. They also expect to partner with the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe in southern Washington on outreach opportunities.

“We are also working with the Shoalwater Tribe in southern Washington to install informational storyboards around their new vertical evacuation tower in case of a tsunami. This is a community that will have very little time to evacuate before a tsunami hits, so it is important that residents are aware of what to do after an earthquake,” Dora said.

Dora and her team's research will complement her National Science Foundation-sponsored research with the Cascadia Seismic Science Center, through which she received $650,000 to develop open-source databases and run a summer field school for underrepresented students.

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