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What to do during an earthquake: a list of do’s and don’ts
An earthquake is the rapid and violent shaking of the Earth’s surface, which leads to great damage. These earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates within the Earth’s surface. Tectonic plates always move slowly, but they tend to get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the pressure at the edge overcomes the friction, there is a release of energy in the form of waves that travels through the earth’s crust and causes an earthquake. When it occurs below a volcanic surface, a volcanic eruption occurs.
We cannot avoid future earthquakes, but preparedness and safe building practices can definitely reduce the extent of damage and loss. To take necessary action, it is essential that every citizen has a preliminary knowledge of what an earthquake is, the forces acting on the structures, remedial measures to be taken for structural integrity and knowledge of what needs to be done before, during and after an earthquake.
What to do during an earthquake: Get down to the ground, take cover under a sturdy desk or table, and hold onto it so it doesn’t move away from you. Wait there for the shaking to stop, if you are in a structurally sound building, stay there, if you are inside a weak old building, take the fastest and safest route, do not use the elevators, and after the shaking stops, go up the stairs to reach an open space if you are not near From the exit or you are in a tall building / upstairs stay inside. Do not panic; Stay calm and take necessary measures, if you are near an exit, leave the building as soon as possible. Do not rush to the exit point. Get out quietly and in an orderly manner, move away from power lines, columns, walls, suspended ceiling, parapet, fallen flower pots and other elements that may fall or collapse, stay away from buildings with glass panels, if you are on a steep slope of the hillside, stay away in the event of landslides and rock falls . When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and stop. Do not attempt to cross bridges / overhead bridges that may have been damaged. What do you do after an earthquake? Control fires, if any, and check mains and power lines for any defects. Clean up household chemical spills, toxic and flammable materials to avoid any unwanted chain of events. Gather necessary information and instructions from the battery-powered radio. Safety Precautions: Leave a letter stating where you are going. If you must vacate your accommodation, take an earthquake survivor kit with you, which should contain all necessary items for your protection and comfort. en ter partially damaged buildings. Strong aftershocks can cause further damage to buildings and weak structures may collapse. Do not use your phone to call relatives and friends, only call for medical help. Do not use your two-wheeled vehicle to drive around damage areas. Rescue and relief operations need the way to navigate. The second region
(Intensity: first to sixth)
This area is prone to earthquakes that can be felt by everyone and may scare people enough to run in the open air. Dishes and glassware break, books fall, and heavy furniture shifts. A few instances of flaking plaster and some building damage can also be observed.
The third zone
(Intensity: seventh)
Earthquakes of higher magnitudes can be felt. Earthquakes frighten everyone and make it difficult for people to stand. Even people in moving vehicles may feel such earthquakes. Well-designed and constructively constructed structures / buildings suffer minimal damage, while poorly designed structures / buildings are severely damaged.
Fourth zone
(Intensity: 8th)
This region is prone to strong earthquakes, which create panic everywhere, and even heavy furniture moves. Earthquakes like these can cause moderate damage to well-designed / built structures / buildings, while poorly constructed structures suffer massive damage. Other impacts may be landslides on steep slopes, cracks in the ground up to a few centimeters wide, and water in lakes can muddy.
Fifth zone
(Density: 9th and above)
This is the country’s highest risk area and it is prone to severe earthquakes. Earthquakes that could cause total panic and cause massive damage to lives and property. Significant damage occurs even to specially designed structures. Severe damage to buildings with partial or total collapse. Curved railway tracks and road damage; Ground fissures up to several cm wide, underground piping breaks, landslides, rock falls, mudflows, and large waves in water. When severity exceeds eleventh, complete destruction may be due to changes in landscape that can alter riverbeds.
Information is released in the public interest by the National Disaster Management Department of the Ministry of the Interior.
(Source: nidm.gov.in)
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