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Can Hurricanes Cause Earthquakes? | Fox Weather
Ian is the latest name beginning with “I” to be removed from the World Meteorological Organization's hurricane naming lists. Ian is just one of 13 retired names beginning with a letter that could strike fear into the hearts of those living along the East and Gulf Coasts.
Can a hurricane trigger an earthquake? In most cases, the answer is no, but scientists have not ruled out the possibility under extreme conditions.
According to several studies, including one by a group at Florida State University, we have seen an increase in earthquakes associated with some hurricanes, but these episodes have generally been weak in size.
“This involves the coupling of the atmosphere, ocean and solid land. During storm season, hurricanes or northeasterly storms transfer energy to the ocean as strong ocean waves, and the waves interact with the solid land, resulting in intense seismic activity,” said Wen-Yuan Fan, assistant professor of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences at Florida State University.
Some researchers have called these events “stormquakes,” but they are usually only observed when severe hurricanes have an extended path over open water.
Hurricane Bill off the coast of the northeastern United States in 2009, Hurricane Irene in 2011 off Florida and the Bahamas, and Hurricane Ike in 2008 are all examples of hurricanes that experienced increased seismic activity.
All associated earthquake activity was generally reported as magnitude 3.5 or less, Fan said.
Previous hurricanes linked to earthquake activity
(Fox Weather)
Watch an amazing video from inside Hurricane Ernesto
With the exception of a major weather event that does not cause a significant change in the pressure gradient, university researchers and USGS seismologists have found no association between normal day events and an increase in earthquakes.
“There is no such thing as ‘earthquake weather.’ Statistically, there is a roughly equal distribution of earthquakes in cold weather, hot weather, rainy weather, etc.,” the USGS previously noted.
The agency noted that it is aware of significant changes in pressure that have led to an increase in fault slippages. However, these events are usually minor and should not worry coastal residents.
Researchers have warned that people threatened by a tropical cyclone need not worry about the possibility of seismic activity, because the effects of destructive winds and heavy rains are more dangerous than anything else.
“We have a lot of unknowns, and we didn’t even know this natural phenomenon existed,” Fan said. “This really highlights the richness of the seismic wave field and indicates that we are reaching a new level of understanding of seismic waves.”
A 5.1 magnitude earthquake that occurred during the effects of Tropical Storm Hilary in 2023 in California was considered a coincidence and not an event directly related to the tropical cyclone.
Hurricane Irene moon in 2011
(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
7 Facts About Earthquakes
The National Earthquake Information Center reports that about 55 detectable earthquakes occur each day, resulting in about 20,000 seismic events per year.
As a general rule, earthquakes of magnitude less than 2.0 are not felt but are the most common, while earthquake damage is usually not noticed until magnitude 4.0 or greater.
Seismologists estimate that about 90 percent of the world's earthquakes occur in an area known as the “Ring of Fire.” This zone stretches from New Zealand to the Bering Sea and extends along the Pacific coast of South America.
Earthquake scale
(Fox Weather)
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