Complex dynamics of the 2024 7.6 magnitude Noto Hanto earthquake in Japan, long-duration aftershocks and direct foreshocks

Schematic diagram of the fault processes in the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake series with a magnitude of 7.6 on the Richter scale.

GEORGIA, USA, Sept. 19, 2024 /ENPressWire/ — A newly published study sheds light on the complex relationship between the 2024 Noto Hantau earthquake of magnitude 7.6 and a major earthquake swarm that began under Japan’s Noto Peninsula in November 2020. The research, conducted by a team of international experts including Professor Zhigang Peng and his student Fuk Mach at Georgia Institute of Technology, Dr. Xinglin Li at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan, Dr. Chengyu Wang at the University of Grenoble Alpes in France, and other researchers in China, Japan, and France, provides a detailed analysis of the seismic activity leading up to and following the devastating earthquake.

A new study (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100332) published in the journal KeAi Earthquake Research Advances sheds light on the relationship between the 7.6-magnitude Noto Hanto earthquake in 2024 and a large earthquake swarm that began under Japan’s Noto Peninsula in November 2020.

The study reveals that the 7.6-magnitude earthquake that struck Japan’s Noto Peninsula on January 1, 2024, was preceded by a series of foreshocks including three significant events (5.5, 4.6, and 5.9). These foreshocks occurred just seconds to minutes before the mainshock. The last significant foreshock (5.9) occurred just 14 seconds before the mainshock, although other studies have considered this foreshock to be the onset of the 7.6-magnitude mainshock rupture. This cluster of foreshocks underscores a complex behavioral change from long-duration swarm-like activity to explosion-like foreshock activity immediately before the mainshock.

Back-projection of P waves from the mainshock, conducted by co-author Dr. Dong Wang at the University of Geosciences of China in Wuhan, reveals a prolonged initial rupture that lasted for approximately 25 seconds before propagating outward bilaterally. This slow initial rupture, occurring near the former swarm area, likely reflects a complex relationship between dynamic earthquake rupture and fluid flows along multiple near-parallel faults.

Dr. Xinglin Li of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan carefully re-located seismic activity since 2018, especially events with magnitudes greater than 4. The team found that the 2024 7.6-magnitude mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault that lies above a parallel fault associated with the 6.5-magnitude Suzu earthquake of May 2023 beneath the northeastern Noto Peninsula. However, previous tremors, including the initial rupture of the 2024 7.6-magnitude mainshock, all started around the deeper parallel fault. The rupture likely jumped between these parallel faults in the first 25 seconds.

The aftershocks that followed the 2024 mainshock extended over an area about 160 kilometers long, extending from northeast to southwest. The study indicates that while the aftershocks were initially concentrated on the southwestern side of the peninsula, they expanded in both directions over a logarithmic time period since the mainshock, likely due to ongoing afterslip caused by the mainshock rupture.

“While other recently published studies have focused on one aspect of the Noto sequence, such as mainshock rupture or small earthquake transport, this study brings together results from many different angles, including the transport of all seismic events since 2018. As such, it is likely to be one of the most complete analyses of this sequence to date,” says Professor Zhigang Peng of Georgia Tech.

The results highlight the importance of monitoring seismic waves using seismic and geodetic instruments and understanding fluid migration patterns, which may enhance predictive models for future seismic events in these and other regions.

DOI10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100332

Original source link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100332

Funding information ZP and PM were funded by grants EAR-1925965 and RISE-2425889 from the US National Science Foundation. Q.-Y. Wang and M. Campillo acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 742335, F-IMAGE).

Lucy Wang, Biodesign Department, email us here

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