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Ensuring the health and well-being of adolescents today is crucial for the health of future generations
Greater investment is urgently needed to address growing health risks and meet the mental, sexual and reproductive health needs of nearly 1.3 billion adolescents (aged 10-19) worldwide, according to a new scientific publication published by the World Health Organization (WHO). Adolescence is a unique and critical phase of human development, involving major physical, emotional and social transitions, and is a key window for laying the long-term foundations for good health.
“Promoting and protecting the health and rights of young people is critical to building a better future for our world,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “Conversely, failure to address the health threats that adolescents face—some long-standing, some emerging—will not only have serious and life-threatening consequences for the young people themselves, but will create spiraling economic costs for societies. This makes investing in adolescent health services and programs both a moral imperative and economic sense.”
The publication was presented at an event on the sidelines of the United Nations. Summit of the future. It highlights a number of worrying trends in adolescent health observed in the last decade, pointing to an urgent need for action.
At least 1 in 7 adolescents worldwide now suffer from a mental disorder, for example, with particularly high rates of depression and anxiety. Anemia among adolescent girls remains prevalent, at levels similar to 2010, while nearly 1 in 10 adolescent girls are obese. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and genital herpes, which often occur among young people, are on the rise and, if left untreated, can have lifelong health implications.
Meanwhile, violence, including bullying, affects millions of young people around the world every year, s devastating impacts on their physical and mental health.
Worryingly, attempts to deny adolescents access to sexual and reproductive health care and comprehensive sexuality education have escalated amid a growing backlash against gender equality and human rights. Restrictive age of consent policies limit their access to STI and HIV services. Such measures can marginalize young people, reduce health-seeking behavior and lead to lasting negative health effects.
The study highlights other broader fundamental challenges for the future of adolescents including climate change, conflict and inequality.
The authors also point out that gains are possible with the right investment and support. For example, the number of HIV infections among adolescents is declining, thanks to coordinated and persistent efforts in this area. Adolescent pregnancies and harmful practices such as female genital mutilation and early marriage have decreased. In addition, many positive trends in health outcomes are associated with more time in school, especially for girls; since 2000, the number of children of high school age out of school has decreased by almost 30%.
Against this background, the findings make a strong case for investing in adolescent health and well-being, with attention to core elements including education, health care and nutrition. The authors call for the adoption and implementation of laws and policies that protect the health and rights of adolescents, for health systems and services to be more sensitive to the unique needs of adolescents, and for prioritizing the engagement and empowerment of young people in research, programming and policy making.
“Adolescents are powerful and incredibly creative forces for good when they are able to shape plans for their well-being and their future,” said Rajat Khosla, executive director of the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (PMNCH), which co-organized the event is the presented publication. “Leaders must listen to what young people want and ensure that they are active partners and decision makers. They are critical to the future social, economic and political stability of the world, and if given the platform they need, they can help make a better and healthier world possible for all.”
Earlier this year, world leaders pledged to accelerate efforts to improve the health of mother and childincluding adolescent health, at the World Health Assembly. Implementation of these commitments, as well as those contained in the UN's Compact for the Future, will be essential to protecting and promoting the health and well-being of current and future generations.
Notes for editors
The publication was released at a high-level event held on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly. Hosted by the governments of Chile, Colombia and Ireland together with the UN Human Reproduction Programme, PMNCH and WHO in collaboration with: FP2030, Guttmacher, International Association for Adolescent Health (IAAH), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHUSPH) ) , Plan International, UNESCO, UNFPA, Women Deliver and YieldHub.
The Future Summit takes place on 22 and 23 September 2024, seeking a new consensus on how the international system can evolve to better meet the needs of current and future generations.
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