An earthquake swarm near New Madrid, Missouri

The sequence began at 06:00 UTC (00:00 local time) on 9 December with a M2.0 earthquake at a depth of 12.2 km (7.6 mi), located 6 km (3.7 mi) east of East Hayward (population 131).

M2.2 was recorded just 8 minutes later about 8 km (5 miles) east of East Matthews (population 628), at a depth of 19.2 km (12 miles).

The strongest of the sequence is the M3.0 earthquake, which struck near Howardville (population 367) at 06:27 UTC (00:27 local time) at a depth of 7.8 km (4.8 mi).

M2.1, M1.8 and M1.9 were recorded by 12:25 UTC, followed by the final earthquake at 13:30 UTC (07:30 UTC) – M2.2 near Marston (population 477), Missouri At a depth of 8.4 km (5.2 mi).

Earthquakes detected by the USGS on December 9, 2024. Image source: TW/SAM, Google

The New Madrid Seismic Zone is one of the most seismically active areas in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. However, such swarms are not uncommon in this region and do not necessarily indicate an imminent larger earthquake.

They are usually characterized by clusters of small to moderate earthquakes that occur over a short period. They often result from the gradual release of tectonic stress along fault lines or changes in subsurface conditions, such as the movement of fluids within the Earth's crust.

While the New Madrid Seismic Zone has historically produced some of the strongest earthquakes in the United States, recent monitoring has shown that smaller swarms are relatively frequent.

The region produced 3 large earthquakes, estimated to be between M7.0 and M8.0, in 1811–1812. The events caused widespread devastation and were felt as far as Cincinnati, Ohio; Charleston, South Carolina; And New Orleans, Louisiana.

Earthquakes here occur on a complex network of faults within the Reelfoot Fault, an ancient geological feature formed about 500 million years ago. Faults are buried under layers of sediment, making seismic activity difficult to predict.

References:

1 New Madrid Fault Line, Missouri Earthquakes – USGS – Accessed 10 December 2024

2 New Madrid Seismic Zone Sciences – USGS – Accessed 10 December 2024

Article writer profile

Rishika holds a Master's degree in International Studies from Stella Maris College, Chennai, India, where she received a Gold Medal, and an MCA from Mysore University, Karnataka, India. She previously worked as a Research Assistant at the National Institute for Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India. During her tenure, she contributed as a junior writer to Europe Monitor on the world politics website and as an assistant editor for The World This Week. Her works have also been published in The Hindu, demonstrating her expertise in global affairs. Rishika has also received the District Level Women Empowerment Award in Haryana, India, in 2022.

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