Earthquake swarm at Hofsjokull volcano, Iceland

A notable earthquake swarm was recorded at Hovsjokull volcano on 13 December, with the largest earthquake detected as M3.3, occurring at 20:48 EST at a depth of 8.8 km (5.5 mi). The epicenter of the earthquake was near the western edge of Hofsjokull Peak, located about 26 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Hviravellir.

Hofsjökull is an ice-capped volcano located in central Iceland, extending over an area of ​​7 x 11 km (4.3 x 6.8 mi) beneath a glacier.

The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) has identified several smaller seismic events, ranging from M1.0 to M2.3, and occurring at depths between 3.2 km (2 mi) and 10.6 km (6.6 mi).

A total of 12 earthquakes were recorded during this swarm, including 1 event with a magnitude <1, 8 events ranging from M1 to M2, 2 events between M2 to M3, and 1 event with a magnitude >3.

Smaller earthquakes were recorded near Hovsjokull on 14 and 15 December, including a M2.3 event at a depth of 5.1 km (3.2 mi) on 14 December.

Map showing epicenters of earthquakes in the Hovsjokull volcano area over the past 48 hours at 10:10 UTC as of 15 December 2024. Image credit: IMO

The latest data from December 15 includes a M1.2 earthquake located 25.9 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Hviravellir at a depth of 5.1 km (3.2 mi).

The swarm appears to have subsided for now, but experts warn that earthquake activity may resume in the same area in the coming days or weeks.

A graph showing the timing and magnitude of earthquakes in the Hovsjokull volcano area from December 13 to December 15, 2024. Image credit: IMO

Hovsjokull volcano, located on the western edge of the glacier, has not erupted for about 12,000 years. Lateral fissures in the area produced basalt lava flows during the Holocene. A related volcanic system, near Kjerlingjarfjöll, is characterized by active fumaroles and steep rhyolitic domes, illustrating Iceland's diverse volcanic landscape.

Hóvsjökull volcano connects the two major fault zones in Iceland, bridging the Reykjanes-Langjökull fault in the west and the northeastern fault zone in east-central Iceland. The area is characterized by basalt and rhyolitic volcanic products, reflecting its complex magmatic history.

References:

1 Earthquake swarm at Hovsjökull volcano – Geology of Iceland – December 13, 2024

2 Hovsjokull – Earthquakes in the last 48 hours – IMO – 15 December 2024

3 Hofsjökull – GVP – accessed 15 December 2024

Article writer profile

Rishika holds a Master's degree in International Studies from Stella Maris College, Chennai, India, where she received a Gold Medal, and an MCA from Mysore University, Karnataka, India. She previously worked as a Research Assistant at the National Institute for Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India. During her tenure, she contributed as a junior writer to Europe Monitor on the world politics website and as an assistant editor for The World This Week. Her works have also been published in The Hindu, demonstrating her expertise in global affairs. Rishika has also received the District Level Women Empowerment Award in Haryana, India, in 2022.

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